The selfadjusting automatic control of sowing unit and differentiated introduction of mineral fertilizers doses according to agrochemical indicators of the soil (precision agriculture) are used wider nowadays. It was defined that the main requirement to the differentiated seeding and fertilizing is an accuracy and duration of transition from one norm to another. Established that at a speed of unit of 10 km/h object moves for 0.5 s about on 1.5 m and more. Thus in this device the radio channel originated differentiated correction is updated in 10 s, and in the RTK mode - 0.5-2 s that breaks the accuracy of introduction of seeds and fertilizers. The block schematic diagram of system of automatic control of technological process of seeding and mineral fertilizing with use of navigation means of machine-tractor aggregates orientation in the field and technical means for realization of technology of precision agriculture at sowing and fertilizers application due to electronic maps of soil fertility and navigation satellite systems was worked out. It was noted that for regulation of a fertilizing dose it is necessary to complete the unit with the electric drive, and for error reduction use navigation GLONASS, GPS, Galileo receivers. To tracking of four leading navigation systems GPS/GLONASS/Galileo/Compass receiver with 32 canals developed by domestic-owned firm «KB NAVIS» was suggested. It was established that the automated device created by All-Russia Research Institute of Mechanization for Agriculture information based on NAVSTAR and GLONASS/GPS system successfully operates seeding and make possible the differentiate fertilizing.

Soil-cultivating is the most power-intensive operation in crop production. It was defined that decrease in power consumption of a ploughshare as the most loaded working tool of the plow is possible due to its oscillation or by change of its parameters. It was noted that the perspective direction of decrease in power consumption is shape change of a ploughshare or its cutting edge. It was established that if the ploughshare operates in the layer split mode at the prevailing role of tangential shearing stress, then it is expedient to change parameters of all surface; if in the broken layer mode - only parameters of the cutting edge. The device for dynamometer test of hinged plows was worked out. The results obtained in experimental studies confirmed expediency of change of a shape of the cutting edge owing to a deviation of an edge of the fragmented part of a ploughshare towards a moldboard front surface by 2, 3 and 4 degrees. It was educed that at 2 degrees angle deviation the horizontal component of plowing resistance is less than control by 7.2 percent, 3 degrees - by 5.7, 4 degrees - by 3.6 percent. It was established that surface ridgeness during the operating of ploughshares with 2 degrees angle of flange in comparison with control increased by 22.6 percent, 3 degrees - by 5.46 percent, with 4 degrees angle this indicator decreased by 8.21 percent. Trash burial ratio was respectively higher by 7.56; 7.61 and 6.50 percent, and soil pulverization coefficient - by 8.52; 13.17 and 15.55 percent. It was proved that the highest trash burial ratio corresponds to a ploughshare with 4 degrees angle of flange. It was showed that taking into account the minimum value of a horizontal component of plowing resistance, soil pulverization coefficients and trash burial ratio on loamy soils it is more expedient to use a ploughshare with a with 2 degrees angle of flange.

Now improvement of technological design specification of trucks tires develops very much. In modern mechanical engineering polyamide and kapron cords for tires of line-haul trucks and buses are replaced with all-metal ones (AMC) even more often. It was defined that at increase in AMC tires production their technical characteristics were investigated insufficiently. In this regard there were carried out bench tests to compare the main operational indicators of domestic (JSC Nizhnekamskshina production) and foreign tires with an all-metal cord: 315/60R22.5 the NF-201 model with 315/60r22.5 the XZA2 ENERGY Michelin model (steering); 315/60R22.5 the NR-201 model with 315/60R22.5 the XDA2+ ENERGY Michelin model (drive); 315/80R22.5 the NF-201 model with 315/80R22.5 the 3D Michelin XZE X MultiWay model (steering); 315/80R22.5 the NR-201 model with 315/80R22.5 the 3D XDE X MultiWay model (drive). The laboratory researches were carried out for the purpose of an assessment of the universal, load, damping (hysteresis) and other characteristics of tires with use of the universal functional SIB-1M test-bench. It was established that Michelin AMC tires of steering low-profile 315/60R22.5 XZA2 ENERGY models have the best indicators on power heterogeneity - 0.47-0.89 percent. The high-profile AMC tires of drive wheels 315/80R22.5 of the NR-201 model of JSC Nizhnekamskshina have the worst indicators. However, all the tested tires correspond to GOST 5513-97on this indicator. It was noted that Nizhnekamsk AMC tires of the size 315/60R22.5 are flush with AMC tires Michelin on set of operational indicators, except power heterogeneity, and last one of Michelin tires is lower than Nizhnekamsk ones by 2-3 times. It was suggested to conduct further researches on definition of optimum operational tires indicators because of an intensive use of KAMAZ trucks in agricultural production

Seed onion planting is fundamental operation at realization of technological process of onions cultivation. The main lack of bulb planters is a group picking of bulbs from overall mass by planting devices, but not single-piece wherefore planting of bulbs in demanded orientation is problematic. It was noted that when developing of bulb planters for planting of bulbous cultures it is necessary to provide optimum balance between productivity and quality indicators of planting: uniformity of distribution along a row and quantity of the bulbs with a stem below. It was established that the roller feeds are most perspective. There were defined their main shortcomings: seeds damage and lack of bulbs stem below orientation. Thus, uniformity of distribution makes about 40 percent. A special device with the orienting funnels was suggested. A forked-roller feed for the oriented seed onion planting for the oriented planting of seed onion carrying out single-piece picking of bulbs from the bunker and their giving in seed tube at below stem orientation for planting in a furrow was worked out. Researches confirmed that the suggested design provides stable performance of technological process of bulbs planting.

Features of heat and mass transfer in a grain dryer and in a kernel at oscillating drying, one of energy saving technologies, were considered. In comparison with widespread in agriculture technologies at constancy of agent of drying temperatures it allows to reduce energy consumption by 20 percent at preservation or increase in nameplate capacity of the dryer. It was noted that improvement of technology and technical means of drying are possible at mathematical modeling of processes of heat and mass transfer in a grain dryer with the subsequent transition to a grain layer. The basic conditions of ensuring safe seeds drying at an oscillating method are decrease in duration of influence of the high-temperature drying agent and increase in its temperature potential that increases intensity of process and reduces energy consumption. Calculated Characteristics of the grain drying mode and parameters of the dryer, including duration of the periods of oscillating drying, temperature highly- and the low-temperature agent of drying, the lying duration, height of the over-the-dryer hopper used as a heat and mass exchanger in the mobile dryer. Transfer of moisture and heat in a kernel and it cover at a bigger admissible temperature of grain heating in mathematical models in comparison with method at an invariable temperature of the drying agent were considered. Key parameters of process and the device in a mobile grain dryer were determined. To increase efficiency and energy saving drying should be carried out at a temperature of grain heating close to maximum permissible. Height of the over-the-dryer hopper) should be not less than 0.7 m.

Humic fertilizers production technologies based on alkaline extraction of humic substances from peat with the subsequent their extraction and cleaning are widely known. Acoustic cavitation to an intensification of processes of crystallization, diffusion, extraction was actively applied in recent 10 years. Technological processes of operation of the ultrasonic generator and a cavitation dispergator are considered. Technical distinctions between them at impact on firm particles of two-component mixes are defined. Theoretical definitions of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic extraction were specified. Mechanism of extraction and its mathematical equation are considered. Features of the hydrodynamic mode of extraction of target components from porous materials what peat is are revealed. It is defined that vortex extraction, extraction in the mode of vacuum boiling and explosive boiling up of an extraction agent, application of mechanical oscillations of suspension, pressure pulsations have the greatest impact on speed of an intensification of diffusion process. It is necessary to improve the diffusive and convective extraction theory by input in mathematical calculations of the additional coefficients considering increase influence of peat suspension temperature in the course of cavitation and activation of a liquid component of suspension on efficiency of diffusive and convective process. It is noted that it is also necessary to enter coefficient of activation of liquid during cavitational processing of peat suspension. A difference of pH indicators before and after activation can be a basis for mathematical calculation of this coefficient. A scientific hypothesis of extraction of humic substances from peat which is used when development of an equipment and technological process for humic fertilizers production on a basis of cavitation was suggested.

It was established that quality pre-emergence cultivation of potato ridges depends on possibility of surface copying by working tools of a rotary harrow because of their vibrations. Rotary harrow design having damping devices and V-shaped spike tooth was suggested. Energy consumption evaluation depending on its speed, soil drag, operating modes and design parameters of working tools were researched. The optimal chain changing tension range was founded (100-120 H). Thus, the specific traction resistance of the newly developed harrow equaled 200-210 H/m, or 20 percent lower than that of a serial one. Data of field experiments characterizing influence of a harrow on quality of ridge cultivation and yield of potatoes were presented. It was showed that it is possible to create more favorable conditions for development and growth of potato due to use new harrow. As result potatoes yield increased by 1.2 -1.5 t/ha, or 4-6 percent. Fuel savings amounted to 12 percent.

The need of expansion of works on normalization and development of machine technologies system for transition to technologisation of agro-industrial production was defined. Relevance of systematization of the saved-up practical experience, scientific development and information, and also classifications of a great number of the interconnected technological objects was presented. The principles of systematization were established: from normalization of objects on a purely formal external sign till justification of creation of the systems based on objective laws. It was noted that systematization accumulates the studied objects in complete structural system on the basis of a number of simultaneously considered criterions. A number of classification problems was solved due to mathematical methods (mathematical statistics, cluster, factorial, dispersive analysis). It was defined that classification of technical means is based on rules of separation of concerns and abidance of the basic principles of the ordered creation of system of studied multitude data. It was established that it is especially importance to choose correctly the essential criterion of classification giving the chance educing of qualitative differences between grades. An orienting point is first of all the technological mission of the mechanism or a technical mean defining their qualitative and quantitative characteristics. It was proved out that the technology in a general sense is the concrete, intended by the consumer way to achievement of the specify goal of useful activity. It was established that agricultural technologies belong to the category of «flexible». In real production conditions there are not constant technology, because choice of it directly depends on random factors and the person making decisions. It was drawn the conclusion that carrying out this work creates potential possibility of justification of the not known earlier directions of development of scientific and technical progress by identification of not studied types of objects of classification.

The state and efficiency of the use of the energy supply systems in agriculture were analyzed. It is demonstrated that grids and power equipment deterioration exceeds 30 percent, and fuel volume-efficiency ratio is not more than 35 percent in this sector. A considerable part of the country territory (mainly the northern one) does not have centralized power supply. Decentralized cogeneration systems with extensive use of renewable energy sources and local energy recourses are highly efficient for this part. A necessity of development of methodology and recommendations for the selection of efficient systems and technical means of power supply to agricultural enterprises was substantiated with due consideration of their location, load intensity and distance from centralized grids. The most important indication of energy efficiency is energy intensity of products and energy inputs share in the production cost. Reserves for energy saving including the development of energy-efficient technologies and technical means, some of which have already been developed (equipment for lighting, microclimate, primary treatment and storage of products, disinfection) or are at the completion stage were presented. Their implementation in agricultural production will make it possible to raise considerably the efficiency of the use of fuel and power resources and to reduce energy consumption. The conditions in which the use of decentralized power supply systems is most efficient were educed. The characteristics of related equipment and the specifics of its use at agricultural enterprises are described. The proposal and priority actions for the development and upgrading of power supply systems for agriculture have been elaborated.

A water additive in a reciprocating internal combustion engine significantly influences temperature of a working charge in a cylinder that has impact on a toxic substances content in exhaust gases. An analytic technique is necessary for an assessment of water supply effect in the combustion chamber. Due this method, we can receive concrete values of parameters at various power setting, and at changeable ratios of water and fuel. In this regard, a new developed mathematical model makes it possible to find dependences of engine key parameters and to carry out a comparative assessment for systems of water supply in the engine.