The analysis of modern methods of evaluation of the grain harvesters technical level revealed a discrepancy in various criteria: comparative parameters, dimensionless series, the names of firms, the power of the motor, the width of the capture of the harvester, the capacity at the location of the manufacturer plant, advertising brands. (Purpose of research) This led to a variety in the name of harvester models, which significantly complicates the assessment of their technical level, complicates the choice of agricultural necessary to him fashion, does not give the perception of the continuity of the change of generations of combines, makes it impossible to analyze trends in their development, does not disclose the technological essence of a model, but - most importantly - combines can not be compared with each other. The figures in the name of the harvester model are not related functionally to the main parameters and performance capabilities. (Materials and methods) The close correlation in the form of a linear equation between their design parameters and the capacity of combines was revealed. Verification of this equation in the process of operation of the combine showed that it statistically stable and the estimates are always within the confidence interval with an error of 5-8 percent. It was found that four parameters of the variety of factors, that affect the performance of the harvester per hour net time, having most close correlation with it are: the motor power and the square of the separation concave, straw walkers and sieves for cleaning. (Results and discussion) On the basis of the revealed correlation dependence we proposed a new method of assessment of the technical level of combines, which is based on the throughput (kg/s) of the wetted material and the size series, indicating the nominal productivity of the combine in centners of grain harvested in 1 hour of basic time. The methodological background and mathematical apparatus, linking these indicators with the basic parameters of the combine, were formed. (Conclusions) It was noted that the application of the proposed method makes it possible to arrange all combines of the world in a certain hierarchical sequence and compare them with each other in performance

Grain of high humidity, as a rule, is characterized by the excessive non-homogeneity of this indicator. (Purpose of research) Calculation and experimental verification of the handling capacity of the grain drying facility with the original unaltered humidity and the capacity of the binning bunker. In the dryer of continuous functioning uneven drying is not as large as in the dryer of periodic action, the dried grain is get mixed in the reloading and transporting devices. The degree of mixing, and hence the degree of equalization of the dried grain mass by humidity depend on the type and design of these
devices, but the moisture content of individual grains is not equalized. (Materials and methods) It was noted that the most
effective drying uniformity is achieved by recycling method. It is used in agriculture rarely, but circulation method is used often, especially in periodical drying. During circulating drying of grain in the over-drying bunker there is a bin, in which the moisture content of individual grains is leveled. Assuming that the moisture content is leveled by means of contact mass transfer, mathematical modeling of the grain drying process with higher initial unevenness is carried out. (Results and discussion) It was found that, when one dries grain with less homogeneous humidity, to obtain high quality grain, it is
necessary to reduce the input bandwidth of the plant or equip it with a bin with a higher grain capacity. (Conclusions) The input bandwidth capacity of the periodic plant for grain is a function of the capacity of the brew hopper, the speed of the contact mass transfer, the number of cycles and the unevenness of the initial moisture content of the grain. The capacity of the binning hopper is equal to the product of the initial irregularity of the drying, and the capacity of the drying chamber divided by the contact mass transfer. Business analysis of grain drying with unaligned initial humidity is done

Problems of seed damage have become important in connection with the use of machines at all stages of harvesting and processing of crops. The high percentage of damaged seeds in machining significantly reduces the quantity and quality of the crop harvest. (Purpose of the study) The impact of the mechanical device on the samples of winter wheat grains and its impact on the biological potential of seeds were studied in solving the problem of preserving the integrity of the grain material. (Materials and methods) The degree of crushing and micro-damage of grains under mechanical impact on the steel plate of the model plant without and with a polymer coating was revealed. The experiment was carried out with the help of simulation system, which allows to create conditions of impact on the studied sample of wheat grains, close to the real
one, to obtain objective and scientifically based data. The influence of mechanical impact typical for sowing and harvesting operations on grain was determined. A way to reduce losses of grain material and improve the quality of its processing was theoretically proved. (Results and discussion) It was found that when hitting the steel surface with a polymer coating, the percentage of grain crushing is reduced by more than 7-10 times, the micro – damage of the wheat germ is reduced 4-5 times. We summed up the theoretical basis for substantiation of the obtained experimental results. The influence of the trajectory of the grain on its integrity was determined. It was shown that the decrease in the frequency of crushing of the grain shell and micro-injuries of the seed embryo when hitting the steel plate with a polymer coating is due to a decrease in the potential energy of deformation of the seed. (Conclusions) It was found that almost all the potential energy accumulates in the steel surface of the particle, as the modulus of elasticity of the surface is tens of thousands of times greater than the modulus of elasticity of the particle (grain, seed). Upon impact on the steel surface with a polymer coating, the proportion of accumulated particle potential energy is reduced by almost a thousand times. Thus, the use of a polymer coating will reduce the loss of grain during its machining, which in general should improve the quality of the crop

The results of a fundamental research is presented confirming two hypotheses concerning the process of a crop harvest forming and transpiration as the two main bio-energetic factors of fertility. Transpiration is a thermodynamic process in an open self-organizing system, which has a dissipative random character. Transpiration consumes about 95 percent of the water consumed by the plant. (Purpose of research) The research objective is to obtain results confirming two hypotheses, according to which the efficiency of the process of crop formation is due to transpiration as a bio-energy factor of fertility and its components: photosynthetic exergy and thermal exergy. (Methods and materials) The basic principles of thermodynamic systems self-organization, as well as methods of experimental studies of the principle of subordination to the parameter of the order in which the system control variable is dependent on parameter of the order. The relation of the order parameter (thermal exergy of solar radiation (SR)) and the variable control (transpiration) was determined. The values of the correlation coefficients of these two processes have a value close to one. This confirms that transpiration is a dissipative self-organizing process underlying the transpiration irrigation mechanism. It is revealed that a fractal dimension of a time series of transpiration of cucumber with natural light, a potato is artificial, and their probability haracteristics: the mathematical expectation, standard deviation and variance. (Results and discussion) We received confirmation of the scientific hypothesis about the influence of limiting climatic factors on the theoretical limit of plant productivity and fractal dimension of transpiration as an indicator of production processes in crop production. (Conclusions) We put forward supplemental scientific hypothesis about the influence of limiting climatic factors on the theoretical limit of plant productivity. It was showed that under artificial light intensity of shoots of potatoes fractal dimension is equal to 1.1, and the variance of the temporary random number of transpiration series decreased more than 6 times compared to the same time series under natural light of SR

Cultivators for fallow and intertilled crops cultivation have several tipes of chisel. The key design data of a chisel are a tip overhang, radius of curvature of the front surface, an angle between a tangent to the tip and the furrow bottom. The radius of curvature of the front surface consists of two parts. The first one is in the form of a logarithmic spiral, the another is as a straight line. The angle between the tangent to the top and the furrow bottom depends on the angle of internal friction. It is in an interval of 35-40 degrees. The curvature radius and a lateral form of chisel generally depend on the size of an internal angle of friction of the deformable soil. (Purpose of research) To obtain an analytical dependence o of the front surface profile of the chisel working body, which allows to work on soils with different granulometric composition and angle of internal friction. (Materials and methods)The authors assumed that the condition of steady sliding of soil layer with various aggregate-size distribution on the chisel surface is feasible if the product of the projections of the tangential reactions of the elemental area of the surface and projections of the movement trajectory is less than zero. The projection of the tangential reactions of the elemental area of the surface depends on the concordance of the rotation angle to the size of digging-in, also on the deepening of the elementary area, the coefficient of external friction of the soil, and the first derivative of the function curve of the surface. The curve coefficient of a quadratic parabola outlining the surface of a chisel was estimated considering its smoothness and continuity. (Results and discussion) At the same time the current value of vertical coordinate of chisel lateral surface changed when the fixed values of tip overhang and running depth. The lateral profile of the as-designed chisel does not depend on soil characteristics. The size of the initial angle corresponds to the requirement that the deformation does not extend below the tip, and elementary reactions cross the surface of the field. (Summary) The angle of grade of the lateral profile surface of the chisel makes 26 degrees and 50 minutes. The curved surface of the wedge-shaped mouldboard is described by the function square parabola. The coefficient of the curve parabola describing a profile of a chisel surface, being negative, is equal to ratio of chisel overhang to the doubled parameter of the running depth.

The article presents the brief analysis of existing technical determinations for spraying, the surface injection of liquid solutions, in the course of which about 75 percent of pesticides used in agricultural production are injected in order to preserve the crop from pests, diseases and weeds. (Purpose of the study) To develop the wide-coverage sprinkler with extended operational and technological capabilities for the rice sowings. (Materials and methods) It has been established that the main criterion for the up-to-date creation of the technical equipment used for spraying is the reduction of norms of the working fluid consumption and the level of environmental pollution by pesticides and also that the domestic
machines for this use coming to the market have low technical performance indicators and insufficient reliability. (Results and discussions) The design of a new wide-coverage spraying machine with a flexible tap and vehicles for the spraying of rice and with extended operational and technological capabilities, containing two propulsion units (one with a current generator, the other with a solution tank and a pressure pipeline) has been suggested. They are equipped with the frames with tensioners and are kinematically connected to each other by a flexible carcase on which the vehicles and suspended nodes of the mud channel with spraying machines are placed. The spraying of the rice fields by vehicles confirms the
expediency of their application in the rice industry for the ensuring of significant reduction in the crop losses from plant diseases. The production of new chemicals with low consumption rates and enhanced biological activity served as the basis for the development of the proposed design of wide-coverage sprinkler to meet modern requirements for sprayers of this type and intended for the use in medium and large rice farms. (Conclusions) The use of the presented wide-coverage sprinkler will allow farmers to apply intensive technology of rice cultivation on rice farms, and it will significantly increase the effectiveness of protective measures and reduce the consumption rates of chemicals, as well as reduce haul costs and spraying of working liquid solutions. The adoption of new technologies and technical means of plant protection that meet
modern requirements are worthy of continued work on their improvement and, in particular, the creation of new technical
means of weed control

It is defined that while doing some agricultural operations the area covered by the machine-tractor aggregates wheels exceeds the area of the field. (Purpose of research) The regularity of repeated accumulation of the soil puddling and the influence of the specifity of axle load distribution of machine-tractor aggregates on the dip of the wheel-track is justified. (Materials and methods) The mathematical apparatus to describe the influence of the effects connected with the soil particles reposition while the repeated loading is developed. The over consolidated soil creates some raised resistance while the following tillage which results in increased fuel consumption and lost productivity of machine-tractor aggregates. The modified soil
structure is difficult to be restored entirely. As a result the intensive worked tilth top soil degrades with time which creates the ecosystem disbalance of cultivated land. The laboratory experiments of the soil features influence and the specifity of wheel loading on the dip of the wheel-track are performed. The regularity of repeated puddling accumulation being subject to Bolstman correlation which links the process entropy and the probability of this state (statistical interpretation of the principle of entropy increase) is set. (Results and discussion) The dependences to determine the deformation of soil with various physical and mechanical properties under different drive system loading conditions of machine-tractor aggregates are obtained. The influence of axle load distribution on the dip of the wheel-track is established. The dependence to describe the process of wheel track formation on the sod-podzolic sandy loam soil of low moisture level which corresponds to the empirical data is obtained. The calculations from the dependence obtained are performed. While doing repeated passes the wheel sinkage is provided only by the increase of contact stresses. (Conclusions) The regularity of the soil puddling rise from the deformer while the repeated loading is set. The regularity obtained makes possible to define the soil deformation depending on the different operating conditions and the drive system parameters of machine-tractor aggregates on different types of soil.

Both longitudinal and transverse stability as well as maneuverability and controllability are important parameters of the tractor for efficient processing of land areas in mountainous and foothill areas, which surface has significant irregularities, and are often located under large bias. It is known that in order to ensure the stability of the tractor, its base must be maximum, and to ensure a minimum turning radius – minimum. However, the design used in the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Uzbekistan 4-wheel universal tractors does not provide a mechanism for changing the wheelbase. In this regard, SDB "Tractor" designed 4-wheeled universal tractor, equipped with a special mechanism that changes the base of the tractor by 670 mm. It is showed that the reliability of the mechanism depends primarily on the strength of the parts, which account for the maximum power load. (Purpose of the study) We investigate the force loads acting in kinematic pairs of the alternation mechanism of the tractor base. (Materials and methods) The possibility of changing the parameters of the tractor base is showed on the example of the 3D model. To calculate the parameters of the designed tractor came from the figures: weight per axle; the dimensions of the hinge parallelogram arrangement; the radius at which the moving end of the rod of the hydraulic cylinder; a rolling resistance of the front wheels on the supporting surface of the concrete cover, etc. (Results and discussion) Power loads in kinematic pairs of the tractor base change mechanism were determined on the basis of generally accepted methods of the theory of mechanisms and machines with the use of structural analysis of the mechanism. The magnitude of the forces acting at each kinematic pair of mechanism for database changes, calculated by the graphical-analytical method on the basis of the law of statics using conditions of equilibrium. (Conclusions) It is found that the values of forces acting in the hinges of the mechanism of changing the base of the tractor range from 8816.25 H to 93255.82 H. On the basis of the calculations presented the following results: the greatest efforts in the links of the mechanism of change of the tractor base act in their longitudinal direction, which should be taken into account when one determines the parameters of the mechanism of change of the tractor base and the calculations of parts for strength.