High-quality seeds are the lowest-cost factor in increasing agricultural production. One of the most important stages in breeding and seed production is the harvesting and transport process. According to the current regulations the seeds of higher reproductions are stored and transported in a bagged form. Cloth sacks are usually used in seed production. In this case, the filling and emptying of bags is performed exclusively by hand. The costs associated with the packaging and storage of ready-to-use seeds in the sack tare reach 15-20 percent (excluding the cost of bags) of the total cost of seed preparation for sowing. With the aim of mechanizing manual labor in the III and IV stages of breeding, the sack tare is replaced with containers. VIM developed a container method for harvesting and post-harvest processing of grain seeds at the penultimate stage of the internal selection of seeds with yields in a nursery of 1.5-3.0 t and gross yield from all nurseries to 15 t. Energy consumption at container technology use is 6.7 times less than at the base one, operating costs – 4.79, labor costs – 2.59, fuel consumption – 4.84 times.

The modern enterprises of agrarian and industrial complex are characterized by the high level of automation of technological processes. The technological development level conformto 5th and 6th technology revolutions. The automatic and automated technologies in crop production and livestock production use data of internet technologies, Global Positioning Satellite survey and observations, mashine and tractor aggregates automated operating. The models nucleus and row of information models of agricultural objects were designed on the basis of information streams systematization. The analysis of results of simulation of biological objects, cenosises, ecosystems, agro cenosises and agroecosystems showed that the most acceptable type of model is the systemically determined dynamic model of potentially effective type. The Internet-oriented database of innovative development of institutes of an agrarian profile is designed. It contains the information about sorts, machines, mechanization means, electrification and technologies in crop production, livestock production, forage production, feed processing, crop protection, biotechnologies, mechanization, veterinary science and agricultural production processing. The database is positioned as the subject-oriented, retrieval database in web space. The list of indices to which the created architecture of the database corresponds is defined. More than 20 various databases of agricultural purpose which are used in educational process and production are created. These databases are useful to agricultural producers and also organizers of agricultural production, scientists, teachers and students. Information on key indicators of innovative products and institutes – developers of innovative solutions is provided in a basis.

Lately, big attention is paid to environmentally friendly production in agriculture. One of the alternatives to the use of genetically modified organisms or production chemicals is influence on biological objects by electrophysical methods. The article presents the 3D model of the computer-aided design system "KOMPAS-3D" of an automated unit for magnetic-pulse treatment of plants.Its use will improve the productivity and environmental safety of horticultural crops at different technologies of production. Electronically controlled electrocylinders (actuators) for driving of the working tools (inductors) were sorted out. Actuators were designed for automatic adjustment of the working tools of the unit for agrotechnological parameters of plants, shafts lifting/lowering and extension in a vertical plane and inductors tilt angles up to 90 in the horizontal plane. Electrocylinders have a significant advantage in automatic control to other types of hinged lifting devices due to a high accuracy rate of movement and operation flexibility. The actuators with 12 V supply, 50 W power, the 200-600 mm operating rod stroke, 10-45 mm/s speed, 200-900 H load were sorted out through the study. These electrocylinders provide a change of operating width to 3.6 m, 300 mm lifting/lowering of the working elements with a weight of 50 N, changing the tilt angle of the inductors in the horizontal plane up to 75 degrees. As a result the process of plants irradiation can be automated. The principle of operation of the mobile unit for magnetic-pulse treatment of plants, the scheme of the automated system changing the operating width, maintenance the specified distances between and tilt angle between inductors and plants treated by the low-frequency magnetic field are presented. A flowchart describing the system operation algorithm and a program code of calculating the required displacement of the actuator rod in a Sublime Text were worked out. After setting the desired value of the distance to the object exposure a cycle is started. The cycle includes determining the current distance to the object, calculate the change of this parameter and stock moving to the required distance.

At the choice of the mode of safe drying of grain mass it is necessary to consider its heterogeneity on moisture content. It is an undesirable factor of which it is necessary to get rid. When increase in moisture inconstant the stability of grain mass at storage decreases, there is a danger of emergence of heating, the overall performance of dryers and other processing equipment decreases, energy costs for seeds production rise. To eliminate this shortcoming located in a grain layer or grain stream the dried-up product should be mixed carefully for the best uniformity. However not uniformity on individual moisture content of separate grains will remain. For its decrease combination of lying with material concitation is used. Researches were conducted in batch-operated laboratory machine. The humidified seeds of sugar beet were blowed-through with the drying agent speed of 0.5 m/s and temperature of 45 degrees Celsius. Moisture removal between concitations did not exceed 2.5 percent for selection seeds and 3.0 percent for ordinary ones. Duration of the periods between concitations can be determined in the analytical way. Thickness of a layer of seeds allowing drying without concitation decreases on square dependence on increase in moisture content. A contact moisture exchange between the damp and dried caryopsides for 30 min and more make it possibledrop-off in the unevenness of drying up to 0.5 percent.

They are described two blend fuels with a high hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) share and two sustainable biofuels of the fatty acid methyl ester and HVO types of the ZETOR 9540 tractor in the framework of a long-term operational test. Compared to standard fossil diesel, the results of measuring performance parameters and characteristics for the assessment of the use of these fuels tractors and other agricultural machinery are mentioned. It was specified the quality, manufacturer, emission factors and greenhouse gas savings of clean certified biofuels and their high percentages of fossil diesel. For samples from all tested fuels, comprehensive fuel analysis was performed in accordance with the technical standards.

Use of the powerful tractors as a part of the machine-and-tractor units (MTU) is limited to high impact of their propellers (deformers) on the soil. The increase in tractor weigh and the multiple MTU passes result in overconsolidation of the soil. As a result, physical and mechanical soil properties are modified. The modified quality of soil structure is difficult to be restored entirely. As a result the intensive tilled soil degrades with time and all that creates the ecosystem disbalance of cultivated land. The power method based on regularities of absorption of energy by various soil layers was applied to calculate indicators of soil consolidation. The energy method based on the regularities of the energy absorption by different soil layers was applied to calculate the soil consolidation rate. The conducted researches show that at a pressure of 150 kPa and humidity of 19.2 percent the soddy podzolic loam sand soil density increased from 970 to 1260 kg per cubic metre. The increase in number of the drive system axles can reduce the consolidation of the topsoil as well as lower layer.The intensity of decrease of soil panning considerably decreases when quantity of axes is over four. If the pressure upon the high workhardening soil is constant (the sizes of wheels increase at reduction of axes quantity) then the reducing of the dip of the wheel track can be obtained by increasing the number of the drive system axles. On the low work-hardening soil the effect of reduction of depth is not so much. Increasing the number of axles and the size of wheels for low work-hardening moisty soils is equally effective for reducing the dip of the wheel track. For the overmoist soils it will be better to increase the sizes of a basic surface of running system. If the number of axes is more than four then the decrease of high work-hardening soils consolidation will be less intensive.

The article presents the main results of the analysis of the agriculture automation level in Russia and in the world. The results of the research of the foreign market, structures and compositions of foreign-made unmanned mobile energy vehicles are presented. The main direction of development of foreign companies is the creation of new models of navigation and orientation equipment for agricultural machinery aimed to the implementation of autonomous moving and mission equipment control. Technics automatization is possible due to refitting of already existing samples with specialized attachments. According to this analysis, foreign agricultural machinery is far ahead of domestic manufacturers for the production of crew-unmanned facilities of mechanization for the agricultural sector, and the material intensity of the existing agricultural production in Russia is 3-4 times higher than that of foreign countries. The need for this kind of analysis is explained by the result of a comparison labor productivity: this index in Russia's agriculture is by 2.4 times lower than European one and 3.5 times lower than that of the USA. The Russian agriculture development retard can be eliminate through the use of modern achievements in the field of robotic systems for special purposes. The authors proved the possibility of double use of technologies because of similarity of schemes and structure of robotic systems for the solution of specialized tasks of both directions. The unmanned mobile energy vehicles can be used at sequential and parallel autonomous driving.

Soil-climatic conditions of arid regions of Russia have a great potential for obtaining high yields of various crops, but the constant lack of soil moisture hampers the increase in production volumes. However, the deficiency of soil moisture is due not only to a lack of atmospheric precipitation, but also to inefficient saving. Moisture losses because of unproductive evaporation reach 40-70 percent of atmospheric precipitation. One of the effective ways to accumulate and conserve soil moisture is the autumn shallow mulching tillage, which creates a loosened top layer of soil with a mulched surface. The top layer of soil during loosening and mulching promotes the accumulation and conservation of moisture not only in the upper, but also in the deeper soil horizons. A new combined tillage tool was developed and manufactured to implement such tillage. The tool is equipped with 2 batteries of knife disks placed in two rows one behind the other, with flat hoes arranged in two rows in staggered order, and a roller with pins mounted on its working surface. When soil cultivation by the proposed tool, a qualitatively loosened layer with a mulch surface is created. Enhanced water permeability and moisture capacity increase the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the soil and reduce the loss of moisture owing to evaporation. The research carried out to determine the loss of moisture due to evaporation, depending on the type and quality of soil cultivation, have confirmed the advantage of the proposed type of tillage. The reserves of productive moisture in a 1 m soil layer increase by 31.8; 25.8 and 16.8 mm in comparison with fields without tillage, shallow tillage by disc mulcher DM-5.2 and by cultivator KPIR-3.6 respectively. The productivity of barley variety Volgar' at the area cultivated by experimental tools was 2.24 t per hectar, by KPIR-3.6 – 2.12 t, DM-5.2 – 2.02 t, without tillage – 1.46 t per hectar.