Specifics of a chemical composition of tubers and green material of a topinambur (Helianthus tuberosus), high efficiency and ecological plasticity, profitability of growing, biotechnological potential of use enable to identify a topinambur as a of high-energy cultures of the future. High moisture of various topinambur parts, features of the mechanism of a heat and mass transfer set a problem of search of the new drying methods promoting to increase dehydration efficiency and produce a quality product. A method of calculation of duration of the oscillating mode of topinambur tubers drying in a dense layer is worked out. The topinambur tubers cut on cubes with the side of 6 mm were taken as object of researches. Researches were conducted in the setting of various drying modes: two experiences at the oscillating mode with height of a material layer of 0.07 m and 0.17 m; and also as a check experiment was material drying at a constant temperature of the drying agent. Duration of the oscillating mode of topinambur tubers drying was calculated on their basis of received curves of changes of moisture content at various modes of drying. Estimate indicators were confirmed with experimental data. Results of determination of duration of the oscillating modes of topinambur tubers drying proved that efficiency of the oscillating modes is 18 percent higher, than at control experiment.

Topinambur is a valuable vegetable, fodder and medical crop. A medical preparation inulin is contained in it and reach about 80 percent of the dry matter content. Drying is considered as the most effective method of preservation of tubers. Influence of convective, infrared and microwave topinambur tubers drying ways on the content of the total and reducing sugars, and also energy consumption of these methods is investigated. Convective drying of tubers was carried out on laboratory machine at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The FD-230 facility (Japan) was used for infrared drying of tubers. Drying under the influence of microwave radiation was carried out in the microwave machine VT-1650 with a power of 140 W at heating by not higher than 60 degrees. It is established that high specific energy consumption, worked out 1.6-2.5 kilowatt-hour per kilogram, big heat losses belong to shortcomings of a convective drying. During infrared drying moisture removal is possibly at a low temperature (40-60 degrees Celsius) that enables to keep natural color, taste and aroma, and also vitamins, biologically active agents at the level of 80-90 percent from initial raw materials. This technology renders possible to use practically for 100 percent the delivered energy and to get high efficiency. At a microwave drying method the warming up occurs in all volume of a product. Rather low efficiency (60 percent) of transformation of energy of electric current to energy of the microwave field became limitation of this method. In this regard use of the microwave equipment is effectually at humidity lower than 50 percent.

The existing sowing systems (SS) of machines for fertilizers application not fully provide quality of introduction of mineral fertilizers. Unevenness and instability of application reach 20-40 percent at demanded to 15 percent. The SS equipped with glow coil of original design was offered for ensuring necessary quality of mineral fertilizers distribution across the field at their intra soil differentiated introduction. Flow rate of SS was regulated with the help of the executive mechanism with the linear actuator and a reducer modified for work with the block of control and management according to the prescription map. Researches were conducted on purpose: estimating of operability of new SS, with the new drive for change of frequency of rotation of the coil; establishments of functional dependences between flow rate of SS, i.e. ability to provide its necessary range of change of doses at the differentiated introduction of fertilizers; estimates of quality of work of experimental SS for the differentiated introduction of mineral fertilizers. Researches were carried out both in laboratory and field conditions. Functional dependence of flow rate of SS on number of turns of coils is received. It is established also that flow rate of SS directly depends on percent of opening of the actuator and frequency of rotation of the sowing coil. The minimumtime of transfer from one to other dose equals 0.9 seconds. It is established that at SS with the three experimental coil devices unevenness of seeding between devices makes 4.5 persent. Instability of seeding does not exceed 3 persent. The maximum values of unevenness of seeding between 3 sowing devices and instability of seeding between replications are received when opening of the actuator was 40 persent, and frequency of rotation - 22 rpm, which nevertheless, also meet requirements for the sowing systems.

Technological effectiveness and qualitative characteristics of pneumatic sowing devices are higher than ones of lots produced rollers for a number of reasons, caused by decrease in number of doubles, increased evenness of seeds in a row. The major studied factors were selected and levels of their variation were established. A laboratory installation for optimization of the main technical and constructive characteristics on applied sowing devices was created. A disk pneumatic sowing device (DPSD) design with application block and modular principle of design for crops the smallseeded crops was working out. Optimum value of studied parameters and DPSD operating modes were established. Optimum value of evenness of seeds along the row, making 1.14-1.16 mm with a frequency of rotation of a sowing disk 75- 80 rpm, diameter of seed cells in a sowing disk 2.31-2.32 mm and pressure of an air stream 2.5-2.6 kPa were defined. The better distribution of seeds along a row in comparison with the production roller seeding mechanism when smallseeded crops sowing. It was recommended the offered design with the optimized parameters and operating modes for flax sowing and firm granulated mineral fertilizers application depending on cultivation conditions and functioning of sowing section.

Practice of cultivators operation on stony soils in RNO-Alania with high hardness and humidity indicates that traction resistance during the work varies widely, with deviation from the mean value by more than 2 times. Optimally adjust the machine to the soil background when using most modern mechanisms of regulation is not always possible. Customizing the data machine boils down to the choice of priority between the vibration of the working bodies in the soil, the maintenance of the given depth and power reserve stands required to crawl the working body of the big stones. It is very difficult to get in practice the best combination of these three factors, especially on stony soils. Therefore, the machine must be designed with the ability to quickly adjust to changing operating conditions and modes to ensure energy-saving effects and not violations of the specified soil depth of various hardness with the possibility of equipping the machine racks with different working bodies. The interrow cultivator with the possibility of the quick adjustment (including automated) to varying conditions was developed. In the process of studied basic parameters of elastic composite racks and parameters of pneumatic mechanism drive to adjust the proposed section of the machine were established. The system hardiness in layouts by elastic bars with air pressure up to 0.6 MPa varies from 17.7 to 45.3 N/mm. It was received effective values of pressures 0.4-0.5 MPa in the pneumatic drive partitions of the machine when operating with universal blade and ridger body OK-3 on stony soil. As a result, traction resistance decreases by 30-35 percent.

Scientific researches of tussocks physical and technological properties are necessary for working out of technological means for improvement of the tussock meadows and pastures. The author has defined a type of tussocks, geometrical indicators, a form and density of their location. Investigation of a flood meadow, which was near the river Orsha in Kalinin district of the Tver region was conducted. It was showed that the average nominal diameter of the tussock bottom was equal 410 mm, height - 470 mm. Averaged density of a tussocks location made 1.7 pieces per sq. m. The main indicators of physical and technological properties of tussocks for use of machines for cultivating of the tussock forage lands were conducted. It was given that density of tussocks was equal 1.23-1.49 g per cc, absolute moisture of a tussock was 25.3 percent, earthy hillock - 19.3 percent, hardness - 116, and 5.5 kPa respectively. Installation for determination of shear strength of a hillock is worked out. It was revealed that the greatest energy expenses accrue to the lower layers of tussoks.

The classification of the factors influencing change of fuel quality at storage is presented. Interrelation of the physical and chemical processes proceeding at storage of fuel in steel tanks is established. Tank vapor and water recovery with use of vortex devices, inexpensive and simple on a designs is offered to reduce qualitative and quantitative storage loss. The scheme of equipment for prevention of fuel flooding and evaporation losses decrease is presented. The unit makes possible reducing emission of oil products vapors in the atmosphere by 85 percent. Applying of multifunctional additives for increase of motor fuels stability at storage is offered. Requirements to structure of multifunctional additives for diesel fuel are formulated. The structure 2,2 ‘-dihydroxyazo-compounds conforms completely to these requirements. Their protective effect makes more than 60 percent, the speed of oxidizing processes decreases by 2-3 times, the speed of sediments accumulation decreases by 9 times. Applying of the ester composition synthesized from renewable raw materials to improve diesel fuel quality is offered. The ester composition has the best ecological characteristics in comparison both with oil, and with biodiesel fuel. At its applying exhaust opacity decreases by 45 percent, the CO content in exhaust gases - by 35 percent, but unburned hydrocarbons - by 25 percent. Because of ester composition evaporation losses at storage are 2,5 times less, than at oil fuel storage.

Now there is problem an absence of offers for a concrete technique of determination of quality of agricultural machinery operating and size of the inflicted except that there is the approved system of criteria of economic efficiency and resource-saving. It is necessary to consider when working out of the machines not the passport machinery productivity, but actual revealed in the course of its operating in a concrete agrarian zone. The offer of new criteria and techniques is inexpediency of in conditions when the international ISO standards regulating access of import agricultural machinery to domestic market, and also regulating methods of an economic assessment of agricultural machinery at implementation of requirements of agrotechnologies are not defined. It is noted that the Federal Agency on Technical Regulation and Metrology approved in 2008 the national standard of the Russian Federation by GOST P 53056-2008 «Agricultural machinery. Methods of an economic assessment» which is the document of higher level, and the principles of its application are established by the Federal law No. 184-FZ «About technical regulation» of December 27, 2002 therefore new criteria offer is not absolutely correctly. The methodical provisions offered by professor Zhalnin E.V. could be received in the interstate standard new edition. It is necessary to work out the international standards «Agricultural machinery. Methods of an economic assessment» and «Machine technologies for plant industry. Methods of an economic assessment».

The Potato Europe exhibition was organized in Germany in autumn of 2014. Exhibits were showed in special pavilion, at open stands in a tent complex and on specially prepared potato field. More than 200 exponents, generally from the European countries presented all necessary for modern potato production: varieties, various production technologies, special technical machines (cultivators, potato planters, combines, vehicles, lines for postharvest processing of tubers, fragments of complexes for storage and commodity preparation of tubers and production of various potato products), laboratory equipment for determination of parameters of technologies, machines, working conditions, properties of soils, plants, tubers, the wide range of components and replacement parts. Electronic separators of firms Tomra Sorting Solutions group (Belgium) which are produced in several modifications were shown. They replace hand-labour at stages of preparation for realization of wide scale of production (potatoes, vegetables, fruit, nuts, meat production). A tent complex show included various elements of technologies of modern mechanical production of potatoes and technical means for their implementation. One of the main features of this display - rather large number of the participants representing eurocontainers and technical means for their transportation, loading, a washing and disinfecting. The plant machines at demonstration of ridges formation were presented on a special field.