Introduction of technologies of the operated farming in agricultural production will support quality hi-tech breakthrough of agrarian sector of economy and a demand of GLONASS system and means in agriculture. The main directions of GLONASS system application in the Russian agrarian and industrial complex were noted. The list of the priority technological operations demanding use of specialized firmware and GLONASS were defined. The description of the main results of research and development were received in the All-Russian Research Institute of Mechanization for Agriculture in the field of diagnostic engineering, mathematical and the software support in creation of the automated machines for precision agriculture and also regarding standard ensuring of application of technologies of the operated farming. The main directions of researches of GLONASS application in agriculture were established. In this case development of requirements to positioning accuracy, introduction of innovative technologies of the operated farming and specialized technical means and the equipment for use of GLONASS are the most actual. The research engineering program for creation of technical means of plant production in system of precision agriculture under control of GLONASS is offered. Transition to the GLONASS/GPS technologies of precision agriculture and equipment of new generation will make it possible to solve a problem of increase of agricultural products production efficiency.

Expediency and efficiency of use of natural gas motor fuel (GMF) for mobile agricultural machinery is defined on the basis of alternative calculations of commercial effectiveness of use of the compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in large agricultural enterprise «Kazminskoye» in the Stavropol Territory where costs of fuel for machines and tractors make 222.5 million rubles a year. Need of field gas refueling of tractors and combines as a specifics fuel utilization by mobile agricultural machinery was considered at calculations. For an assessment of a type of GMF and influence of cost of a refueling complex on commercial effectiveness the authors have carried out comparative calculations of technical and economic efficiency of utilization of CNG, LNG and LPG, taking into account and without a refueling complex. High efficiency of GMF utilization was showed: fuel costs decrease by 1.7 times, the payback period of capital investments equals to 0.4-4.2 years. The best results were obtained when utilization LPG. Total costs of re-equipment and a refueling complex in option with LPG are 3.5 times as less as with CNG, and 6 times as less as with LNG. The payback period of capital investments for re-equipment without refueling complex equals to 0.4; 0.8 and 2.4 years respectively for LPG, CNG and LNG. Taking into account refueling means it increases to 0.9; 2.4 and 4.2 years. In 10 years the net present value taking into account refueling means equals to 276.7 million; 289.9 million and 206.8 million rubles for LPG, CNG and LNG respectively due to fleet re-equipment.

The main energy source for stationary installations and mobile vehicles is a conventional engine. There are several its requirements: restriction on toxic emissions in the atmosphere and increase of economic indicators, including efficiency. The delivery fuel and water system was offered in the 60th years for these key problems solution. Such system insures process of mixture burning at lower temperature. First of all it causes reduction of nitrogen oxides emission and intensifies the chemical processes leading to increase in the energy received at mixture burning. The water delivery methods were investigated and compared them around each other. It was showed that there are some basic ways of an water additive. It is necessary to investigate them for a complex assessment of the current situation. It was revealed that each method differs in the features which include not only a constructive component, but also a set of the physical and chemical processes considerably influencing on mixture burning process. This research will become the base for receiving empirical indicators when carrying out experiment.

The choice of the most economical, resource-saving technological schemes of structure of technical means during harvesting is carried out generally by multiple expensive experimental researches. Alternative is modeling of technology of agricultural products transportation from harvest combines. Direct-flow and transshipment technologies of transportation of the crushed silage mass of maize from the combine to a silo storage were investigated for justification of perspective technologies and vehicles during the work with high-performance combines. Materials of the computer experiment, modeling two alternative schemes of silage transportation from harvest combines of different productivity, were presented. Recommendations of preference of structure of technical means for green maize harvesting and the technological schemes of transportation of silage mass were given on the basis of the experiment data analysis (productivity, fuel consumption, labor input, operational expenses) expressed by function of desirability of Harrington. Computer experiment allowed to conduct multiple researches, to analyze results and to make recommendations for practical realization of an experimental research by equipment which choice was proved by modeling. One of options solutions of the problem of transportations of maize from combines - use of transshipment technologies and vehicles with replaceable bodies. Technologies of transportation of silage mass from harvest combines by direct-flow and transshipment schemes with use of replaceable bodies were simulated. Their rational combination were proved. Productivity within 30-50 t/ha and the transportation speed in the range of 40-55 km/h were varied in the course of computer modeling. For each option of a technological complex there were defined required quantity of harvest and transport machines and technical and economic indicators: productivity, fuel consumption, power- and labor costs, the factor operational and reduced costs for harvest and transport process in recalculation both per unit maize mass, and in general.

Spreading of the flax stems in the swath is one of the most important technological operations with significant effects on the quality and quantity of the obtained products (fiber). Currently applied in serial flax pullers spreading out shield of passive type, in which the stems line is moving freely (under its own weight) has a number of drawbacks. A significant reduction in the quality of the swaths take a place at a wind speed of 5 m/s. Angle change of device to the horizon is only possible in a very narrow range. If the angle is more than this limit, so the technological process is troubled. Construction of spreading devices and stems spreading methods were analyzed. It was established that spreading device of active (forced) type was preferred on flax harvesters and balers. They forcibly move flax stems on all length of a stream to the spreading zone, exclude their distortion in a line and the building-up and insure reliability and quality of technological process performance of swath spreading. Using of active type spreading out devices has been insufficient studied as theoretical and experimental goal. However, the spreading devices of active type are underexplored. Researches and developmental works on development of the constructive and technological scheme of the spreading device and also mathematical model of the movement of stems on a table of the spreading device were carried out to receive qualitative retted straw (fibers). Constructive and technological parameters were proved. A new design of the active spreading device was developed. It was introduced on serial the flax harvesters. A method of calculation of rational parameters was offered. Necessary power for movement of flaxstems was determined.

Mold board soil cultivating is the most power-intensive operation in crop production. Decrease of power consumption of plowing by the plow body is possible in case of change of the pitch angle of the cutting edge to the furrow bottom. Thus cutting by the cutting edge is carried out directly by a cutting edge and part of a facet. The cutting edge creates the maximum main tension, part of a facet - the minimum main tension. The pitch angle of the cutting edge to a furrow bottom has to be such that the elastic deformations excluding destruction of soil particles prevailed at influence of facet part. The expression connecting a pitch angle of the cutting edge to a furrow bottom from the elastic making relative strain of the compression schedule, the plowing depth, length of the fragmented part of the cutting edge is received. Rising of size of an elastic component and depth of plowing increases a pitch angle. The elastic component of relative soil deformation was defined from the analysis of the curve of compression received at destruction of samples with a cylindrical form by pull test machine RM-0.5. It was established that with increase of value of absolute humidity of the loamy soil the elastic component of relative deformation changes on parabolic dependence, accepting a maximum at absolute humidity of the soil (24 percent). For all sizes of plowing depth the pitch angle increases with rising of absolute humidity. The minimum angle value corresponds to plowing depth of 0.2 m, maximum - of 0.25 m. At absolute humidity of 25 percent and plowing depth of 0.2 m the pitch angle makes 2.8 degrees, when depth of 0.25 m - 3.52 degrees. It was established that for the loamy tilth soil the maximum value of a tilt pitch angle of the cutting plough share edge to a furrow bottom should not be above 4 degrees.

The modern domestic market of technique for grain crops seeding differs variety of machines brands and types. The intensive type technologies combining technological operations of a soil cultivating and grain crops seeding in one pass are more widely used. The authors have established that one-operational units in new machine park have to be replaced multipurpose, universal and combined machines. Such approach will reduce number of machines in grain production from 20-30 to 5-6 name titles. Possibilities of multipurpose sowing units for simultaneous fertilizers application, soil cultivating and weeds destruction were analyzed. It was specified that nowadays there are several technologies types with two, four or six operations overlapping. Operational performance, technological and economical efficiency of the best multipurpose and also efficiency of technological operations overlapping at grain crops cultivating in the conditions of their real operation and at a trial establishment in the Kuban research institute of information and technical and economic studies of agro-industrial complex engineering and technical services were studied. Tit was defined that use of multipurpose sowing units and also studied efficiency of decreases operational costs by 48-71 percent, fuel consumption - by 41-76 percent and reduces labor input by 72-80 percent. Thus grain crops seeding is possible in optimal agrotime because of 4-6 technological operations overlapping in one pass.

To increase efficiency of plant industry, it is necessary to introduce essentially new domestic power both resource saving competitive technologies and complexes of machines. Energy saving anticipates essential decrease in expenses of power and fuel consumption on carrying out field operations, sharp reduction of terms of field works thanks to use of the wide-level combined block and modular machines. Power and resource saving is achieved with three types of technologies: classical, mini-till and no-till. Now in the majority of Russian regions most often they use the minimum technology of soil cultivating and sowing. The authors have worked out the unique way of antidroughty moisture storage ecological soil cultivating and an optimum complex of soil-cultivating machinery for realization of this technology. Its introduction in production will reduce farm labour input and energy for soil cultivating, will keep its fertility and an ecological state of environment, will reduce expenses by grain production to 50%. They have worked out the various block and modular machinery aggregated with tractors of all traction classes, all stages of technology, for various zone conditions. This machinery is produced by plants in the Republic of Tatarstan, in the Yaroslavl, Chelyabinsk and Ivanovo regions. Economic efficiency of technology is expressed in decrease of specific amount of metal per structure, power and fuel consumption. Thus the cultivator cost pays back twice in a year, productivity increases significantly, specific metal and energy consumption decrease. The technology with a machines complex is introduced in 56 regions of Russia.

Quality of dry cleaning of native sheep wool from mechanical and technological pollution influences directly on efficiency of primary processing technologiess. However, available rippers and beaters don’t achieve insufficient extent of dry cleaning ( only 36-40 percent), that does not conform to the standards of production requirements (not less than 40 percent). Institute of livestock production engineering of National academy of agrarian sciences of Ukraine together with «Proks ltd.» have worked out a design and created a prototype of beater MT-001A-12. The authors have researched efficiency of its use as a part of the technological module of wool preprocessing TM POV-8.0 in private enterprise Romantsov I.M. The prototype has good operational and technological indicators, qualitatively carries out process of an opening and deviling of dirty wool. Extent of dirt toppings removal makes 41.9-43.2 percent. Quality of dry cleaning of dirty sheep wool improved. Payback period of the technological module is less than one year. The obtained results of researches testify to high efficiency and prospects of use of MT-001A-12 as a part of wool preprocessing lines.