Plow ploughshares of compound designs even more often appear to replace integral wedge-shaped ones. At the All-Russian research institute of mechanization of agriculture ploughshares with the bolt-on moving-forward tine are produced. The main material was the silicon manganic chromic steel. In the heat-treated state its ultimate resistance is more than 1580 MPa. A resource and reliability of a ploughshare are raised owing to increase in number of fixation holes for a tine from 2 to 4. The tine can be pushed forward in process of wear by bolts replacing with top on the lower holes in a tip. The curvilinear surface of front part of a ploughshare reduces a cutting angle in the direction from field to a furrow wall. A special stamp was designed and created. Its matrix and hob had surfaces of the set curvature. The detail heated to temperature of 900-920 degrees Celsius was stacked on a matrix, and the hob was pressed by means of a hydraulic press. Blades on a ploughshare body and on a tine were strengthened by hard alloy metal surfacing. The authors carried out a cycle of field tests in soil climatic conditions, the most characteristic for the central regions of the Russian Federation. Results of tests showed that on the soils optimum for plowing where the hardness of the soil did not exceed 2.5-3 MPa and the number of stony inclusions was minimum, the resource of test ploughshares by 2.5-2.8 times exceeded a resource of commercial ones and made 80-110 ha per a unit. On heavy clay and loamy soils, with the hardness up to 4 MPa and above, the resource of tast ploughshares reached 25-33 ha per a unit that also above commercial ones by 2.7-3.2 times which resource did not exceed 12-18 ha. On soils with quartz particles high content and stony inclusions breakages and deformation of ploughshares became the main reason for nonoperations. The mean life of an engineering prototypes made 8-10 ha per a ploughshare, at the commercial ones did not exceed 2.5 ha. Tests showed significant superiority of ploughshares with a bolt-on tine both on a resource, and on reliability.

For self-restoration in an annual cycle of works of such resources as tractor fleet, an arable land and labor potential, it is necessary to define optimum quantitative and age structure of tractor fleet. If agricultural enterprises buy tractors less, than write off, their total fleet is reduced. Besides they use machines, which depreciation period expired long ago. The solution of this problem possibly at methodological approach. Cumulative cost minimization is linked to reduction of quantity of the tractors working in excess of depreciation period as such machines operation is interfaced to additional expenses and harvest losses. Besides, value of the missed profit as a result of losses from disposal of production resources, reduction of total number of tractor fleet, the area of an arable land, a shortfall in production, violation of agroterms and crop rotations increases. The authors developed a technique of definition of optimum quantitative and age structure of tractor fleet. They established influence of the main resources of the mechanized agricultural production on production cost. Criterion of optimization is the minimum of cumulative cost. The sum of an overspending for use of the tractors working in excess of depreciation period and the missed profit were estimated. The optimum quantitative and age structure of tractor fleet includes 310.3 thousand tractors aged up to 18 years.

The role of information technologies as interindustry direction of science is presented. The hypothesis of possibility of their uniform information description on the basis of the law on substance circulation in the nature and dialectic interrelation of objects of agricultural production is formulated: earth, plants, animals, machines, environment and society. The interrelation of these resources and its optimality (rationality) is possible on the basis of use of information technologies that in many respects defines efficiency of agrarian production. These postulates unite using a paradigm of information support of technological processes of agricultural production. It is represented by set of objective information (devices, measuring computer systems, information and measuring systems, bases and knowledge data) and subjective one, used at creation of devices, information, expert, and artificial intelligence systems. The authors worked out blocks of information models, calculated and justificated size of the converted word and the size of data stream of the universal block. Their technique of creation of «virtual laboratory» of engine 4Ch10.5/12 (D-144) research with use of the device of data collection of NI PCI-6251 is presented. A special software application is developed to realize interpolating of data of 4-factorial experiment at research of an internal combustion engine.

Dynamics of grain crops productivity in the main grain growing regions of Siberian Federal District is presented. Major factors shoud be considered at justification of a class of combine harvesters for their effective operation in various climatic and working conditions. loading efficiency of a combine thresher depends on productivity and operating width of windrowers or headers at straight-cutting and windrowing. A tailings maintenance in the threshed grain heap influences on the harvester capacity. Certificate capacity of combines of a class of 5-12 kg/s at the 1.5 percent admissible level of losses behind a combine thresher is depending on the tailings maintenance in the threshed grain heap. In accordance to analysis the capacity of combines of any class of the classical design increases by 1.45 times at reduction of a straw content from 1.5 to 0.7 relative to standard indicators, and decreases by 1.16 times at increase of this parameter to 2.3. The combine of a class of 7 kg/s is completely loaded when pickup threshing by harvesters with a operating width of 20; 16 and 12 m at a speed of movement 7.2; 9.0 and 12.0 km/h respectively. The combine of a class of 10 kg/s at crop productivity of 1.8 t/ha will be completely loaded when pickup threshing if the operating width is 20 m and the speed equals 12 km/h, and at the width of 16 m speed has to make 13 km/h. The content of the technological certificate by the example of use of combines of a class of 7 kg/s (GS-07) and 10 kg/s (GS-10) is proved. The algorithm of determination of the movement speed is presented. Its use provides certificate loading of a thresher when threshing of grain crops with different productivity at straight-cutting and windrowing.

At a continual heatsupply at the beginning of drying process intensity of a mass transfer from a caryopsis surface exceeds intensity of moisture supply from its center to a surface. Thus the moisture content gradient in the caryopsis increases more than a difference between equilibrium moisture content and surface one. In the course of drying intensity of a mass tranfer decreases because of predrying of surface layers, the gradient of moisture content decreases, the front of evaporation continuously goes deep, respectively, intensity of process decreases. The variable heatsupply when seeds and grains drying allows to intensify process at full preservation of their quality indicators. The aythors proved parameters of oscillating drying and studied a mass transfer in a caryopsis for three drying modes: without lying, with lying after the heating period and lying after the cooling period. They compared efficiency of the oscillating drying modes to the drying mode at a continual heatsupply. The mass transfer was studied in the course of drying, humidity of a caryopsis and its cover and kernel was defined. Regularities of a mass transfer are revealed, the optimum modes of oscillating drying are offered: (the proportion of the periods «heating - cooling» is equal 10:10 minutes, an 15 minutes lying after the period «heating»). Physical and mathematical models are offered. The equation for calculation of lying duration is received. It is recommended to use the oscillating mode of drying with lying which duration should be sufficient for moisture redistribution in the caryopsis that keeps quality of seeds and grain. The lying extends process of drying (by 5 percent for an lying warmed up grain and by 10 percent for not warmed up one) in comparison with the same mode without lying, but allows to lower specific costs of warmth by 20-25 percent. At the oscillating mode lying duration is expedient when moisture removal increases in direct ratio to time.

Use of transport and technological means is carried out according to the direct-flow scheme and includes stage-by-stage performance as the main standard-setting operations (fertilizers transportation, movement and their distribution across a field), and auxiliary (return from a field and loading of fertilizers). The method of comparison of main types of operations at fertilizers application is given. An estimation criterion is a ratio of cargo movements on a road and across a field, proportionality coefficient between movement of freight and a fertilizers distribution area across the field. These indicators depend on transportation distances and doses of fertilizers application, and also on technology factor that is freight moving frequency across the field. The last characteristic is taken as the optimized parameter. An extremum of this indicator was searched due to a classical method. Optimum values of estimated indicators with the accounting of a variation of a ratio of load capacity and operating width of technical means are received. Concrete combinations of transportation distances and doses of fertilizers application are specified. The authors defined conditions of effective use of tractor and perspective automobile transport and technological means. They recommended to use the automeans allowing to change operating width. Realization of the stated methodological approach will make it possible to select an optimum ratio of the mechanized operations at direct-flow fertilizers application, to exclude additional cargo movements across the field, to cut fuel consumption, to increase productivity. Productivity of transport and technological means increases by 2.0; 1.3 and 1.15 times respectively to length of furrow 3; 9 and 27 km at fertilizers application by a dose of 0.06 kg per sq.m.

A furrow depth at the corn furrow drilling depends on the working depth of the furrower hoe also on stability of drill openers operaring depth. The main factors which influence on the furrower motion steadiness are field microrelief, soil condition, tillage mode and their design parameters. The effect of two first factors groups on the hoe with a furrower occurs at random and is determined as a sum of dispersions of every variable at the dynamic unit output. A transfer function was determined on the basis of the received mathematical model. The amplitude frequency characteristics of the dynamic system were calculated. The analysis of the theoretical amplitude frequency characteristics showed jointed elastic junction of the cultivator hoe with the furrower in a shape of wing flap or blades with the row-crop drill frame results its fluctuation amplitude raising in longitudinal and vertical planes. It was ascertained for the frequency range from 1.3 to 1.6 Hz which represent field microrelief fluctuation, but not resonant ones. The authors proved that significant fluctuation decrease of the furrower is possible if it be equipped with a spring which rate equals more than 20 kN per m. It was recommended to change jointed elastic junction with the rigid one on the soils with the unit resistance up to 50 kN per m.