In the market of agricultural tractors of Russia in 2013 were 900 domestic models, or 3.4 percent. There were produced 7655 tractors, 6707 from which were foreign models. It was revealed that purchasing power of the agricultural organizations appears at profitability not less than 20 percent. Because this indicator is 5.2-11.7 percent lower, agricultural enterprises are not able to turn over their fleets. The authors have presented the forecast of development of tractor fleet till 2020 taking into account the solution of national tasks, including import substitution and dynamics of the annual purchases providing its realization. Methodology of development of the State program of food import substitution based on tractor fleet revival as conditions of self-sustainability of Russia was proposed. A role of tractor fleet as multiplier in development of the mechanized agricultural production was revealed. The first-priority problem is working out of tractors of economic category.

There are air separators in agriculture, which clean seed materials only by means of an air stream. Thanks to constructive simplicity and compactness the machines having the rectangular cross-section channel with vertical air stream feed are especially popular. Efficiency of cleaning of the processed material in such channel is depending on its depth. For this reason depth in all channels in the air separators and air separating systems of seed cleaning machines does not exceed 300 mm. It was revealed that depth of the channel can be increased due to applying special constructive decisions, for example plates barriers. Distribution of air stream speed influences quality of operation of the air separating machines. The field of air stream speeds in the channel was estimated by distribution factor determined by a probability theory method. The authors were investigated influence of plates-barriers on distribution of air stream speed in the air separating channel and on efficiency of cleaning of the processed material. It was established that at grain loading of 2 kg per sq. m per hour in the channel with plates-barriers of 700 mm in depth distribution factor of air stream speed was 3.7 times lower, than in traditional one without barriers (4.4 percent against 16.2), and air separator productivity thus increased by 15-50 percent. This channel can be used at cleaning of lightweight seeds, thin, small seeds of the main culture from hardly separable weed seeds with getting the processed material to categories of original and elite seeds (in accordance with All Union State standard R 52325-2005)

When studying problems of production of biofuels (BF) from various raw materials the great value is attached to power criteria: particular - to resource intensity, power consumption, energy content and generalized - to energy consumption, power potential of products, coefficients of full and direct energy efficiency (CEE and CDEE) of BF-technology. In many European countries the natural rape oil (RO), and also the mixed fuels (MF) with addition of oil diesel (DF) are widely applied as motor BF. Calculation and the analysis of criteria of energy efficiency of production of RO and MF (60 percent of DF) taking into account the full life cycle of resources were carried out. Due to technical and economic data of the project of the BF-shop created by All-Russian Research Institute of Mechanization for Agriculturefor JSC breeding enterprise Lazarevskoye in Tula region there were received rather high values of CEE of stages of direct oilseeds processing into RO and preparations of MF - respectively 7.13 and 4.98 by CDEE 24.2 and 61.8, and also CDEE of all BF-technology - 8.4 and 22.3. The option with use of a by-product (oil seeds cake) for the thermal purposes of economy or by fuel pellets production at an additional stage will allow increase CEE of RO to 2.82, and MF to 3.58 at CDEE respectively 15.6 and 40.9 percent. These data testify to high power profitability of production of RO and MF, however on CEE they are inferior to oil DF (1.57 and 2.61 again 4.2). Further increase of energy efficiency of BF-shop will be provided by realization of power potential of the second by-product of BF-technology (rape straw) in the form of separate energy resource or in common with cake. The last option surpasses option of production of RO and MF without power application of by-products in energy efficiency, respectively, by 246 and 78 percent. For information support of a power assessment of processes and technologies with use of products of this BF-shop values of their power equivalents are presented.

Swap bodies using at agricultural freights is very popular now. Thus the number of vehicles is reduced, operational costs are cut. Efficiency of swap bodies application increases at introduction of transport monitoring system for the purpose of the centralized remote supervision for its movement control. Swap bodies monitoring system was tested, its working ability influence on efficiency of transport service were studied. The block of data acquisition and transfer for swap bodies monitoring system was worked out and tested. Due to indicator of a body filling operability the sensor of level of bulks was checked. The speed of indicator operation when body filling makes 5-10 seconds. Thus filling of a swap body is displayed on the monitor in control office. Location of a swap body display on the monitor in control office was defined by means of imposing of the pictogram on a district map with the indication of coordinates. The device for determination of duration of autonomous work of system works within 2 days, time of a battery charging made 3 h. The device for the swap bodies monitoring system carries out functions in full, providing remote supervision over work of system.

The agricultural lands, which are not used in a crop rotation, grow over with weed vegetation forming a thick sod cover. The greatest damage is caused by overgrowing of the farmland a bush and a half-grown forest. Especially it is shown in the conditions of the increased moisture. Technologies and technical means for restoration of not cultivated lands should correspond to conditions of zone specifics. The volume and rates of introduction of the long-fallow lands depend on technical equipment of the agricultural enterprises. The combined soil-cultivating unit Leader-2.5Н and the modular ring harrows Lider-BKM-6 were tested. They intended for introduction of fallow lands. These machines are worked out by JSC Sibirskiy Agropromyshlennyy Dom (Novosibirsk). Hardness of the soil changes depending on processing depth. In the 0-10 cm layer it decreases from 13 to 8.2-8.3 kg/sq•cm, in a layer of 10-20 cm - from 18.7 to 9.7-12.8 kg/cc, at a depth of 20-30 cm - from 26.1 to 15.7-24.1 kg/sq•cm. It was showed that energy consumption on recovery of 1 hа of wetlands make 1932.24 MJ that is equivalent 45.25 kg of diesel fuel.

Possibility of practical use of vegetable-derived oils additives (on the example of rape oil) in diesel fuel for increase of its lubricity was considered. Hydrodynamic, thermal loading and, as a result, durability of basic elements of fuel system of the engine including a nozzle, depend on fuel wear-preventive properties, abrasive particle contamination, physical and chemical, elastic properties, burning characteristics. Domestic types of fuel have low wear-preventive, ecological and sanitary properties. All of them conform less to modern ecological requirements. A goal of research is increase of durability of nozzles by improvement of wear-preventive properties of diesel fuels. Estimated Influence on the indicators characterizing wear-preventive properties of fuel (density, kinematic viscosity, a superficial tension, friction coefficient), additives of improvers on the basis of rape oil at a variation of the mass contents. It was showed that at an additive no more than 5% the variation of the fuel parameters characterizing wear-preventive properties is in the limits meeting the requirements of the standard. Use of improvers on the basis of vegetable oils is viable for increase of durability of precision interfaces of a nozzle sprayer as a result of improvement of wear-preventive properties of diesel fuel.

Scientists of the Azov-Black Sea State Engineering Institute (Don State Agrarian University) have developed a simplified technology for waste oils processing, which consists in purification of oil from insoluble deposits, water and, partly, from oxidation products. This technology allows to purify the waste oils directly at the agricultural enterprises. Under the present conditions of agricultural production it is not defined what kind of plant (tank volume, heat power, number of purifiers) is the most preferable for different enterprises with varied amount of waste oils. However, design data of such plant (tank volume, heater power, quantity of purifiers) need to be specified that it became the most effective for various farms having different volumes of waste oils. The constructional variants differ in tank thermo-insulation, volume and shape of tank as well as the number of purifiers according to the amount of oil subjected to refinement (from 3000 to 20 000 liters). It was found out that the amount of costs for oil purification depends on the production program of the enterprise. Its increase leads to costs decline. The using of big oil tank causes present costs increase. Under the increasing of the tank volume to 1000 liters costs of 1 liter oil purification increase to about 10 percent. It was shown that the number of purifiers inside the plant construction depends on the manufacturing program: 100 liters tank plant requires one purifier at the manufacturing program under 5200 liters. It is rational to use two purifiers if the manufacturing program accounts from 5200 till 16 000 liters. The larger volume of the manufacturing program (16 000 liters and more) requires three purifiers. It has been proved that tank thermo-insulation of the oil-purifying plant leads to decreasing power inputs for waste oil refinement, but increases reduced present costs because of increase of plant manufacturing cost. The economic effect of the tank thermo-insulation usage is achieved at the manufacturing program of above 16 000 liters.

Crops need the balanced intake of nutrients during the whole vegetative period. For ensuring plant nutrition microcells play a major role: boron, manganese, sulfur, iron, copper, zinc, molybdenum. It is possible to determine balance of need of plants for nutrients by method of functional diagnostics of a condition of chloroplast - green plastids of the plant cells, which are carrying out photosynthesis. Technologies of cultivation of agricultural cultures with application of microelement fertilizer Aquarin-15 and a plant growth biostimulant Bazik were improved. Rapid diagnostic was realized in laboratories of functional diagnostics «Aquadonis». It was established that barley seeds treatment by microfertilizer promotes increase of their germination energy and viability, and also dry matter accumulation. After seeds treatment by microfertilizer at leaf-feeding dressing the extra grain yield was equal 10-24 percent, and after seeds treatment - 10-16 percent

Possibility of increase of efficiency of poultry manure application due to more evenness of fertilizer application into the soil was investigated. Machines with a wide range of regulation of an application rate, for example ROU-6 with interval from 4 to 80 t/ha are for this purpose necessary. Efficiency of poultry manure application for grain crops was increased due to using of machines of drum type with optimum doses fertilizing (12-16 t/ha). An assessment of efficiency was carried out. The drums rotation speed, shovel quantity and shape, their installation angle and a design of the directing board were determined. The developed modified working of a spreader of drum type allowed to reduce unevenness of width fertilizing by 12-14 percent, on length of unit pass - by 5 percent. It was established that if the dose increases more than 8 t/ha, the crop productivity growths not significant. At reduction of fertilizing unevenness from 97 to 72 percent yield losses decrease by 54.4 percent. At reduction of fertilizing unevenness more than 97 percent, efficiency worsens by 58 percent. Poultry manure spreading by the machine and tractor unit MTZ-82.1 + ROU-6M afforded an yield by 38 percent higher, in comparison with the machine and tractor unit T-150K + PRT-10. At decrease in unevenness from 82 to 43 percent of barley loss decreased by 29 percent. It was revealed that spreading by machine ROU-6M provided a yield increase by 8.6 percent more, than by machine PRT-10. Yield losses because of spreading unevenness made: by the PRT-10 operating - 30 percent; by the ROU-6M operating - 0.33 percent. The grain yield increase was higher thanks to more evenness of fertilizer application by ROU-6M with the new spreading working element.

Features and advantages of introduction of technology of grain crops direct seeding in Siberia are shown. At a choice of technologies of soil cultivating and seeding it is necessary to consider the following major factors: deficiency of moisture during the vegetative period, water, wind erosion, soil degradation, fuel, oil and lubricants expenditure. The combined tillage and sowing machine complexes are worked out in the Siberian Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification for Agriculture taking into account ways of soil cultivating and spring grain crops seeding. It is established that in the conditions of droughty climate the technology of direct seeding allows to receive sustainable yields. Within 2-3 years it is possible to eliminate soil consolidation and surface roughness by means of the soil-cultivating tools which are available in farms. For creation of necessary soil density an important role is played by a biological loosening on the basis of scientifically founded crop rotations with diversification of grain crops, leguminous, industrial and forage crops, rape, melilot, etc. Due to using of direct seeding technology the need for tractors and machine operators was reduced by 4-5 times, labor content per unit of output decreased, fuel, oil and lubricants expenditure were cut by 3 times. Thus productivity increased by 38 percent, profitability - for 42.9 percent, the profit on sales of 1 t of grain increased by 3.3 times. The stubbles make possible fuller preservation and deduction of moisture in the soil.