The conditions of maintenance of yaw stability of the undercarriage of a tractor with the blocked interaxial and inter-wheel drives at work with the asymmetrical traction load are observed. Fundamental principles of the mathematical theory of friction are used for definition of a pole of friction and the pivot centres of wheels. The friction pole is in close proximity to the centre of a contact patch of the most loaded rear wheel of a tractor. Course stability of the tractor is influenced by the longitudinal forces, external side negative forces caused by a bottom pitch in the cross plane, and positive ones, caused by the shift of traction loading. The main power characteristic of the plow which is symmetrically mounted to the tractor is force which is counted on the basis of forces operating in the plow bottom. For maintenance of course stability of the tractor in case of asymmetrical mounting of a plow to the tractor а positive side force directed to the center of speeds should be applied in the joint. Opposite directed reaction is imposed on a plow for redistribution of side loads. The forces of asymmetric six-bodies plough, coordinates of the resulting forces in case of its assymetrical attachment are calculated. During the ploughing of a harvested field with a traction load of 40 kN, displased laterally by 1 m with the purpose of maintenance of directional stability, a lateral force of 2.7-3.5 kN should be applied to the tractor in the joint of attachment of semi-integral plough. At the same time a lateral force of 15.3 kN is applied to the front wheel, moving on furrow bottom.

Currently, there are many techniques, products, technologies, technical means, etc. for targeted impact on seed crops and the environment their development, with the aim of obtaining stable yields. Along with traditional methods to improve productivity there are alternative, such as low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields. The authors give classification of methods of strawberry seeds preparation for sowing and present the results of a laboratory experiment on the irradiation of Zenga Zengana variety seeds. The effect of pulsed low frequency magnetic field on seed germination and growth of strawberry seedlings at different conditions of treatment (frequency, duty cycle and exposure and exposure time) was established experimentally. The data obtained in the experiment are statistically processed. Confidence intervals for mathematical expectations for each experiment were determined. Germination energy of the seeds treated by a pulsed magnetic field was changed from 29 to 47 percent, germination was from 34 to 48 percent. The maximum of the increment of germination of irradiated seeds compared to control sample was 14 percent. The best germination corresponds to the 16 Hz frequency of exposure and 360 seconds exposure time when 5 mT induction. A further increase time and frequency of exposure reduced germination energy by 5 percent. The pulsed electromagnetic fields affect positively the linear dimensions of sprouts. The average root length in the experimental variant (16 Hz, 360 seconds) compared to the control was greater by 24 percent; sprouts height increased by 28.2 percent and weight by 33.3 percent. The pulsed low frequency electromagnetic fields could be put to good use to improve sowing qualities of the garden strawberry seeds.

To study the dependence of crop yields on the quality of fertilizer application, the authors theoretically investigated the responsiveness of plants to increasing fertilizer doses and the distribution of the fertilizer dose over the field. We obtained a mathematical model of the dependence of yields on the dose and the quality of fertilizer application. It was revealed that the average dose and the unevenness of their distribution, which is characterized by the coefficient of variation, affect the yield of agricultural crops, and consequently the effectiveness of fertilizers. As unevenness increases, the responsiveness function transforms: the maximum possible yield decreases significantly, the maximums of the graphs shift towards smaller doses. The decrease in yield also depends significantly on the nature of the responsiveness functions. The greatest fall of this indicator should be expected with its parabolic change depending on the increasing doses of fertilizers applied. It has been proved that when applying 40 kg of active ingredient (ai) per 1 hectare and increasing the coefficient of dose variation from 0 to 60 percent, the yield reduction does not exceed 1 percent, at higher doses (120 kg ai per ha) it reaches 7 percent. It is established that the yield depends on the degree of uneven distribution of fertilizers, the fertilizer dose and the type of yield curves.

Improvement of agricultural tools is impossible without experimental proof and assessments of demand setup while operation. Tools of agricultural machines usually have an asymmetrical geometric shape and are exposed to the spatial system without resultant force. In comparison with the known devices, the proposed scheme for spatial dynamometry has a number of advantages related to the accuracy of the measurement and the possibility of a complete determination of all components of the spatial power characteristics. During operation the dynamometer is installed instead of any usual agricultural tool. The dynamometer records the force in the strain-measuring segment at various operating modes of the agricultural tool. A block diagram of the strain-measuring segments connection with the electronic media provides the definition of the main vector parameters and the principal moment of the external force loading of agricultural machines tools. The strain-measuring segments are rigidly fixed concerning a skeleton of the soil-cultivating implement. For convenience of the subsequent processing of results of measurement all tensometric links are located parallel to the corresponding coordinate axis.The proposed algorithm for processing the results of measuring the stress of strain-measuring segment makes it possible to determine the point grid reference of the dynamic screw axis with the surface of the tool. The latter is a necessary circumstance in the analysis of the dynamics of the movement of the agricultural aggregate and, in particular, when considering of the dynamical stability of an aggregate while performing technological operations.

The choice of the method of basic cultivation must be differentiated, considering zonal soil and climatic conditions and local peculiarities of the fields. Chisel tillage refers to soil conservation technologies, and chisel tools provide low-power and, if it is necessary, differential loosened soil, the accumulation, preservation and rational use of soil moisture that is relevant in the arid climate. The authors designed the combined chisel working implements RANCHO, ROPA, plow-cultivator. The traction resistances of the working tools were studied strain-gauge method. The unified equation of traction resistance chisel working was developed. The resistance of tine, chisel, additional equipment on the tine and the dynamics of the chiseling were introduced. The resistance of the chisel was determind by pressure from the soil on its surface. If the speed of machine-tractor aggregate will increase from 1 to 3 m/s then traction resistance of the working implements ROPA will rise by 26-29 percent, plow-cultivator - by 21-23 and classic mould-board plough - by 35 percent due to more significant influence of the dynamic component during moving mould-board plough in the undisturbed soil. The plowing work by the plow-cultivator in comparison with mould-board plough provides more depth of soil loosening (0.38 m when 0.15 m real tillage and 0.2 m in control variant) at comparable energy consumption.

Lately, in addition to traditional methods of screening or selective crops inspection, instrumental means of monitoring, namely installed on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) video and photo-cameras, started to be implemented. The main advantage of conducting monitoring via UAV is that it does not mechanically affects plants and maintains high productivity during the surveying. However, during screening inspection of large crops areas (tens of thousands of hectars), especially on the early stages of vegetation, a problem of receiving the surveying analysis results promptly emerges. To solve this problem it is necessary to develop automated methods of identification and geo-referencing of the problematic zones. To count the amount of shoots and measure distance between them it is necessary to use the methods of images recognition based on the plants’ spectral characteristics analysis. The methodology of plants signals selection is based on the comparison of measured values with specified values; after that compilation of series using algorithm of approximation of slopes. Basing on the gathered information, statistical indicators characterizing the qualities of completion of the work were estimated. Experimental researches of the hardware and software methodology development were conducted using maize crops in the Krasnodar Territory. Comparative assessment of the measurement in manual and automatic regime using the developed software for shoots recognition and counting was conducted. The results difference equals 3-5 percent.

Weed vegetation in orchards and vineyards is one of the main reasons of low productivity. The applied technologies and weed control means provide decrease in contamination of orchards and vineyards insufficiently effectively that leads to a fruits harvest redice. Therefore it is necessary to improve the available methods and means, to develop new ones and on this basis to create scientifically-grounded complex of measures on weed control. This problem drequires further studies with the aim of developing the prospective technologies and technical means of mechanization for the weed control. Results of researches on mechanization of weed control, ways and means for realization of it are presented in the paper. Taking into account biological features of weeds the design of a flame cultivator for weed control in orchards and vineyards is developed and science-based. This cultivator will allow to reduce the prime cost, significantly increase quality and minimize the negative impact of herbicide use on crops, to improve yields, product quality and resource efficiency. Use of the offered flame cultivator will eliminate hand-weeding and help for more effective weed control in the rows of orchards and vineyards.

The article describes the urgency of this problem and modern ways of its solving. Modern disinfection and lighting systems are not developed enough. The authors proposed to automate the system of disinfection, dust removal and lighting in the farm building. We developed algorithm on the basis of which the universal program in the programming language C ++ was written. Assembled the microprocessor set ARDUINO. The program is included in the microprocessor ATMEGA, which is part of ARDUINO. As a basis for the disinfection system, a two-component ARUF device was used, which includes two decontaminating components: an ultraviolet lamp and an aerosol dispenser. Each of the algorithms (lighting and disinfection) consists of 3 parts: data collection and analysis, control, data output to the display. The sequence of 3 parts is 1 cycle, then it repeated. In the first part on the basis of indications of sensors assignment to variables of some values was carried out. In the second part, based on the values of the variables, the decontamination and lighting devices are controlled. In the third part due to changing the screen number, variable, it is possible to switch the display and view the status of the installation and external parameters. The program, written on the basis of algorithms, is universal and suitable for almost any poultry and livestock buildings. All parameters (the time of the beginning and completion of the ARUV operation within 24 hours, the daily time of the illumination of a certain cycle, the maximum and minimum humidity, the duration of each cycle) used for control and management are variables. Operator can set the items using the display in the menu.