The possibility of use of the automation equipment for agricultural machinery control is investigated. The authors proposed solutions on creation of the centralized unified automated information system for mobile aggregates management. In accordance with the modern requirements this system should be open, integrated into the general schema of agricultural enterprise control. Standard hardware, software and communicative features should be realized in tasks of monitoring and control. Therefore the schema should be get with use the unified modules and Russian standards. The complex multivariate unified automated control system for different objects of agricultural purpose based on block and modular creation should correspond to the following principles: high reliability, simplicity of service, low expenses in case of operation, the short payback period connected to increase in productivity, the reduced losses when harvesting, postharvest processing and storage, the improved energetic indices. Technological processes control in agricultural production is exercised generally with feedback. The example without feedback is program control by temperature in storage in case of the cooling mode. Feedback at technological processes control in agricultural production allows to optimally solve a problem of rational distribution of functions in man-distributed systems and forming the intelligent ergonomic interfaces, consistent with professional perceptions of decision-makers. The negative feedback created by the control unit allows to support automatically a quality index of technological process at the set level. The quantitative analysis of a production situation base itself upon deeply formalized basis of computer facilities that promotes making of the optimal solution. Information automated control system introduction increases labor productivity by 40 percent, reduces energetic costs by 25 percent. Improvement of quality of the executed technological operations will increase crop productivity by 1.2-1.3 times.

The development of precision farming technology requires a higher level of technical support based on programmable, fully autonomous or remotely controlled unmanned aerial systems that contain complexes of automatic or remotely controlled unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The authors conducted selection and justification of the main parameters of the UAV for agricultural purposes. For variable rate application of plant protection products and fertilizers the agrarians prefer UAVs of reusable, non-aerodrome basing, with small take-off for takeoff or vertical take-off and vertical landing, low-altitude, helicopter, rotary-wing and multi-rotor types equipped with an autopilot and a system for differentiating the distribution of fertilizer working fluids and pesticides for a set program, developed in accordance with the agrochemical cartogram and field phytosanitary condition. The equation of mass balance of UAV of agricultural purpose is made, which allows more precisely to determine the take-off weight taking into account the constituent masses of the payload intended for differentiated dispensing and distribution of working fluids of fertilizers and pesticides. The equation of UAV existence is obtained, which differs in that, in addition to the mass and flight-technical characteristics of the aircraft, it displays the technological parameters of differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers for a particular field being treated. The technological process of UAV application in the system of precise farming includes sequential interrelated operations: monitoring and sounding of crops (using light UAVs equipped with multispectral cameras), obtaining, processing and transmitting information for crop management, differentiated application of pesticides and fertilizers according to a specified treatment program (UAV through a large payload).

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in agriculture is an innovation for Russia and has great potential, especially when implementing the tasks of precision farming. The directions of using UAV in agriculture are considered. It is shown that for the differentiated application of fertilizers and pesticides, it is most expedient to use UAVs of helicopter and rotary-wing type flying at low speeds (30-40 km/h) and low altitudes (0.5-1.5 m) with a large payload (300-400 kg), as they most fully meet ecological and environmental requirements and ensure the safety of modern human-machine systems. The basic requirements to the quality of the technological operation for the variable rate application of fertilizers and pesticides with the help of unmanned aerial vehicles have been developed: the rate of application of fertilizer working fluids 50-200 l/ha with a discreteness of doses of 10-15 kg active fraction per hektar (25-40 l/ha), pesticides -10-20 l/ha with discreteness of 5 l/ha, median mass diameter of droplets - 250-300 mkm, uneven distribution of working fluid over the operating width is no more than 15 percent, demolition of working fluids outside the treated area is no more than 20 percent, time of control index setting at the boundaries of the allocated plots is no more than 1.1 s; operating speed of the flight is not more than 40 km/h, the altitude of the flight when applying fertilizers and pesticides equals 1.0-1.5 m.

Disk working elements are classified by continuity of the blade, forms of the disk and cutout and type of the cutout. Decrease in power consumption while introducing a segment of a spherical cut disk is possible at transformation of the external cutting edge towards a concave surface of the working element that corresponds to a difficult type of loading. The methods of calculation of power consumption at introduction of the forward cutting edge and curves forming a segment surface were developed. Normal and tangent efforts from the soil affect the platform of the curve when penetration. The coordinates of curve points of the transformed segment surface can be received by calculation. With usage of the SPSS Statistics program the curves are approximated by a square parabola. Geometrical parameters of the disk, an angle of attack, the travel speed of the movement are considered through a deepening trajectory which is also approximated by a square parabola. The soil as an object of processing is presented by deformation coefficient, the angles of external friction, compressive strength. The calculation was performed at the following basic data: the size of a horizontal single interval is 0.005 m; the size of a vertical single interval is 0.004 m; the absolute humidity of the loamy soil equals 20.73 persent; the hardness is 3.3 MPa; the width of crumbling curves is 0.01 m; the limit of soil solidity on compression is 154 175 Pa; the normal tensions corresponding to coefficient of the soil deformation made 45 178 Pa. When in loamy soil external cutting edge transformation is 1, 2 and 3 degrees, so an average value of a horizontal component of traction resistance is less than the analyzed size by 15,52, 15,79 and 13,55 percent respectively. The segment with the transformation angle of the external cutting edge equaled 2 degrees has a minimum value of average traction resistance.

The article analyzes the features of design of an adapter unit for magnetic-pulse processing (MPP) of plants. It is necessary for radiation of plants by a low frequency 0-100 Hz magnetic field with simultaneous additional synchronous exposure to light with 445-650 nm waves. Classification of the agricultural technological adapters is presented. Analysis of it showed that the electrocylinders with electronic control elements placed on a frame are suitable for construction of a technological adapter of MPP of plants better. In a software environment of Solid Works/Simulation by means of the module of physical simulation the authors visualized the kinematic 3D model of the technological adapter and create a mesh Finite Element Analysis. The studied model placed at fixing three-point hinged system. Load of 50 N was applied to the guideway in the place of fastening of the working elements MPP over the entire surface. The dynamic characteristics of technological adapter MPP, frequency analysis, analysis of stress-strain state of the structure and its components were estimated. The resonance frequencies values were obtained. Zones of concentration of tension 50 mm apart the upper point of fixing of the actuator to a guideway were determinated. Their maximum values reach 40 MPas. Features of distribution of tension dispersion of in these zones are revealed, spectrum of the equivalent tension of model are received. The resonance frequencies equal 0.2-9.2 I rad/s at different modes of vibration of the technological adapter. Resistance to impact of sinusoidal vibration is revealed. The found resonance frequencies are outside the range of the frequencies influencing the technological adapter in case of its operation and transportation. The modelling uncertainty is not more than 5 percent. In case of loading of the technological adapter with MPP working elements (magnetic inductors) of 50 N vertical offset of a guideway makes 1.16 mm. The developed technological adapter of manipulyatorny type, with the simplified construction and the reduced metal consumption, allows to automate completely magnetic-pulse processing of plants with a possibility of automatic adjustment to different agrotechnological parameters of plantings. Frequency of impulse and luminous radiation and time of exposure is showed on control box of the electronic device. Use of special technical means for impulse magnetic processing of garden cultures improves a rooting ability of cherry cuttings by 1.8 times, black chokeberry - by 1,4, blackberry and raspberry - by 1.5-2.0, honeysuckles - by 1.4 times in comparison with the untreated cuttings. The quantity of roots at the same time increases by 21-48 percent, length - for 25-61 percent. Application of MPP when growing of the implanted cuttings in the greenhouse increases survival obyf blackberry by 10 percent, honeysuckles - on 18, mountain ashes - by30 percent. The amount of cuttings growth increases by 14-46 percent.

Modern agricultural enterprises need universal seeders suitable for sowing various types of seeds in different soil conditions. Seeders should be available for agronomic requirements for planting in various conditions: high humidity, constantly desired depth of planting and other factors. The authors developed and manufactured a pneumatic sowing machine on the basis of modular combined adapter BMKA. The combined unit is designed for secondary tillage, sowing and covering of seeds of small-seeded crops such as flax. BMKА is equipped with pneumatic horizontal disc sowing unit, two units helical rotary harrows, unit of cultivation and coulter group. Created design ensures a quality soil preparation, uniform seeding small-seeded crops and set depth of covering. A rotary harrow has several main parameters: diameter is 180 mm; height of teeth equals 120 mm; helix pitch distance is 80 mm. Soil cultivation is possible at depth down to 140 mm. Optimal parameters and modes of operation of the sowing machine: disc diameter - 600 mm, seed cell diameter is 8 mm, the pressure in the pneumatic system - 0.13 MPa, frequency of rotation of the disc equals 65 rpm. BMKA manufacturing application increases the yield of straw by 13.7-33.1 percent, seeds of flax by 19.6-31.3 percent in comparison with the control variant. The annual economic effect is 2035-3034 rubles per 1 ha, when the payback period is one season. The machine manufacturing application provides high-quality seeds for breeding and seed production.

The author explains the general principles of influence of the material and technical resources (MTR) on performance and efficiency of the main technological operations in crop production. Various technologies from the point of view of MTR expenses were estimated. The general tendencies in development of crop production technologies were revealed. The distribution of costs of materials and equipment to perform a variety of agricultural activities was determined. Cost indicators should be a guide in the search of innovative technological processes and working elements of agricultural machins. The greatest values of expenses of work, fuel, metal, and also, money where found. The concepts allowing to provide costs production reduction were formulated. To achieve the maximum productivity with the minimum expenses, the perspective calculations shoul be based on «progressive» agrotechnologies. When determining progressive agrotechnology it is necessary on reasonable grounds to approach indicators of crop productivity in various agrozones and regions of the country. For an assessment of efficiency of MTR by crop production and ensuring decrease in resource intensity of agricultural products by search and use of essentially new technologies for energy saving when performing agricultural operations, an integrated percentage indicator of comparison of progressive technologies with the applied ones was developed. MTR at application of new progressive crop production technologies by integrated percentage index were estimated. This indicator can be used for definition of efficiency of MTR. Application of the offered technique will promote an effective assessment of MTR, decrease in resource intensity by search and developments of essentially new technologies of performance of operations in crop production.

The new Federal law «About Education in the Russian Federation» No. 273-FZ (December 29, 2012) significantly changed traditional structure of training system. Merge and integration of research institutes, formation on their base of powerful federal scientific centers gave the chance to significantly expand the sphere of educational activity, to realize masters programs. The Magistr’s programs in «Agroengineering» was designed in Federal Scientific Agricultural Engineering Center VIM to train experts for agrarian and industrial complex. Educational department «General Scientific and Special Disciplines» for high-quality training of magistrs in the Center is provided by the competent academic staff which arranges and ensures educational process, including filling as contents of the working programs on training courses, development of educational and methodical complexes, funds of estimated means, systems of diagnostics of the current educational achievements, scientific and methodical providing. Training of magistrs in scientific research institute will be more adapted to problems, production, than in higher education university, will have more practical focus. In the course of training in a magistracy of scientific institution the advanced student can participate in implementation of specific projects, work within research and production programs, and after completion of preparation can organic to join staff of research institution. The Magistr’s programs in «Agroengineering» is created to train experts for research, analytical and design activity. It is necessary to organize and ensure educational process, to fill with contents the work programs on training courses, to develop educational and methodical complexes.