Robotic machines use in farming allows to create highly intellectual automated agricultural production, to replace completely a manual work, minimize the negative effects of chemicals on human and to reduce the losses of working hours connected with a human factor. The authors analyzed features of a design and technological using of the worked out in VIM robotic mean with a sprayer for low-growing cultures and the module of magnetic-pulse processing of plants in horticulture. Parameters of robotic mean are proved: engine capacity is 36 h.p., track width of forward wheels of 1260 mm, back ones - 1410 mm, a ground clearance height - 350 mm, the total length of the unit is 4900 mm, the smallest turning radius is 5.6 m. Feasibility and efficiency of implementation combined method of plants processing (spraying and magnetic-pulse processing) by robotic means. This processing will make it possible to increase productivity by 25-30 percent due to stimulation of exchange processes in certain phases development of plants by weak low-frequency pulse magnetic fields in combination with additional synchronous radiation by light impulses 445 and 660 nanometers and targeted introduction of chemical crop-protection agents. Imitating mathematical modeling of mobility of a 3D robot model in the form set of bodies with various elastic characteristics in machine technologies of low-growing cultures cultivation in horticulture is carried out. Calculations dynamic behavior of robot body at various movement modes are made for model check. The schedules of robot movement parameters received subsequent to results of acceleration dynamics modeling are presented. The technique is offered and calculation of an indicator of local autonomy of task performance by unmanned robotic means for spraying with simultaneous magnetic-pulse processing of plants on the basis of the analysis of set of single indicators is made. Benefits of technological use robot in machine technologies in horticulture are determined.

The authors based on own researches established actual problems of harvesting in the Amur region: ensuring passability of machines on the waterlogged soil, need of machines adaptivising to technologies of soybean harvesting, transfer of a part of the combine fleet to a caterpillar track, implementation of reloading reducing impact on the soil technologies of harvesting, increase in cost efficiency of mashines use and postharvest drying of grain and corn.Perspective solutions of problems are shown: design development of caterpillar end trucks of combines with the rubber-reinforced tracks (RRT); engineering and production of the soybean-grain harvester with RRT or a set of devices for the grain harvester with RRT as the option transferring it to the category the soybean-grain ones; process development to provide harvesting of soybean heap by the machine with RRT which crush and spread straw across the field simultaneous, to deliver soybean heap to stationary point of postharvest handling for the subsequent separation into seeds, marketable soybean and a soy chaff as valuable protein feed for livestock production, ready for feeding and storage; engineering of the forage harvester with RRT on a block and modular basis, that is based on the multipurpose power mean on RRT with the 4-machine scheme of a hydrostatic power drive of a undercarriager; development of a design of caterpillar blocks with triangular shape of contour; implementation of reloading technologies of harvest operations on system VIMLIFT.Production of harvest transport vehicles should be performed on a block and modular basis - in the form of a complex of self-propelled agricultural machines based on the released multipurpose power module with a set of the replaceable technological adapters providing its loading within a year. The agroterm of corn on grain harvesting should be delayed to later time when grain reaches standard humidity naturally.

Power consumption decrease is an important factor at the soil tillage and for the choice of working tools, in particular disc ones which are mounted on plow, harrow, disc headers, and stubblers. The authors have assumed that transformation of the external blade edge of a segment of a cutout disc towards his concave surface will reduce power consumption of interaction. A laboratory setup was used for mounting V-shaped and chisel-tipe tines, plow bodies, disc working tools. A lead angle and tillage depth can be changet due to basic wheels. Segments of three 560 mm cutout disks were plastic deformed. The external bladeg edge of a segment was unbent by means of a templet and controlled by the measuring tool. Test conditions: a background is a cereal crops stubble, soil type is clay loam, absolute humidity equals 24.47 percent, hardness is 2.44 MPas. The horizontal component of traction resistance of cutout discs with the blade edge transformed by 1, 2 and 3 degrees external is less than similar parameter of standard working tool on 24.86; 30.92 and 27.48 percent respectively. At the same time degree of plant remains incorporation accrued by 2.63; 5.96 and 8.30 percent in absolute terms. The soil surface crumbling coefficient increased by 2.27; 4.51 and 20.33 percent in absolute terms. The size of a surface roughness decreased by 12.75; 33.33 and 41.44 percent respectively.

Nearly a half of all grain production in the Russian Federation is grown in dry regions. But crop production efficiency there depends on amount of moisture, available to plants. However deficit of soil moisture is caused not only by a lack of an atmospheric precipitation, but also inefficient water saving: losses reach 70 percent. With respect thereto it is important to reveal the factors influencing intensity of soil moisture evaporation and to develop methods of decrease in unproductive moisture losses due to evaporation. The authors researched soil water balance theoretically and determined the functional dependences of moisture loss on evaporation. Intensity of moisture evaporation depends on physicomechanical characteristics of the soil, a consistence of its surface and weather conditions. To decrease losses of moisture for evaporation it is necessary, first, to improve quality of crumbling of the soil and therefore to reduce the evaporating surface of the soil. Secondly - to create the protective mulching layer which will allow to enhance albedo of the soil and to reduce its temperature that together will reduce unproductive evaporative water losses and will increase its inflow in case of condensation from air vapors. The most widespread types of soil cultivation are considered: disk plowing and stubble mulch plowing. Agricultural background «no tillage» was chosen as a control. Subsoil mulching tillage has an essential advantage in a storage of soil moisture. So, storage of soil moisture after a disking and in control (without tillage) decreased respectively by 24.9 and 19.8 mm while at the mulching tillage this indicator revised down by only 15.6 mm. The mulching layer has lower heat conductivity that provides decrease in unproductive evaporative water losses.

At the on-line mode of differentiated mineral fertilization the availability of nutrients is determined by scanner (sensors). The programme of researches contained the study of the effect of the number of scanners placed across the machine operating width on the quality of nutrients providing of plants. One of the indicators of the quality of the technological process of mineral fertilization is the distribution of fertilizer across the machine working width. For the precise distribution is necessary to ensure minimal irregularity of the actual dose relative to addition ones. The equation allowing to define the inaccurate distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width caused by impossibility of measurement and, afterwards, providing of application of a required dose in each point of the selected section is received. The factors influencing inaccurate distribution are revealed. Numerical evaluation of irregularity for different conditions of mineral fertilization is executed. Even in case of absolutely precise distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width the deviations of the actual doses of application of fertilizers in comparison with required can exceed the value allowed by agrotechnical requirements considerably. Additional scanners allow to lower in proportion coefficient of irregularity of distribution of fertilizers across the machine working width.

To make a subsoil membrane we designed a mounted plow device using an interpolymer complex (IPС) on the basis of carboxymethyl cellulose, urea formaldehyde and ortho-phosphoric acid. Spraying by IPC solution is possible due to a reservoir fixed on the tractor and nozzles on a tube 22-25 cm long and with a diameter of 15-20 mm. Parameters of tubes are determined by calculation. The IPC subsoil shield is made by designed device. So, when watering of a cotton on fields humidifying uniformity increases (faster water travel in a furrow), overflow water decreases (additional moistening at reduced water expense). Thus losses of water on deep filtering and evaporations from the lower soil layers decrease by 30-35 percent of the irrigating norm. As a part of the study we established the IPC composition promoting decrease in an infiltration, determined the location of nozzles on the llower side of moldboards providing protection against clogging by the soil. The optimum size of pressure when spraying by solution is 0.4-0.6 Pas.

There are various types of furnace systems with use of alternative and local fuels with the fluidized bed for grain drying. A low-quality fuel burns in the fluidized bed better, than in dense one. As well emissions of nitrogen oxides decrease very much. Ecological, operational and economic benefits of these fire chambers are certain. They are especially perspective for combustion of low-grade fuels and various waste (for example, waste of agricultural production) in a ciclonic and vortex layer. The distinctive feature of such fire chambers is availability of vortex contours in the burning camera that increases efficiency of burning process. The authors carried out testing of the furnace block with grain dryer SZT-30 at OOO «Borisoglebsky MEZ» (Voronezh region) at corn and sunflower seeds drying. We burned sunflower peelings with the lowest calorific power of 14 MJ and 17 MJ at 1 furnace block capacity of 100, 210, 230, 250, 280, 320 and 380 kg per hour. The set of two furnace blocks (TBR-2.0) operating with sunflower peelings which are characterized by the lowest calorific power at least 17 MJ per 1 kg will provide necessary capacity of the dryer SZT-30 when grain and seeds drying. The maximum capacity of the unary thermal block TBR-2.0 should not exceed 1.5 MW. As well the maximum efficiency is reached, and extent of air heating provides functioning of the dryer at a temperature of external air not below 5 degrees Celsius. The economy and safe mode of operation of the furnace block can be provided in case of capacity 0.8-1.3 MW and 1.2-1.5 times air-fuel ratio. In this case emissions of nitrogen oxides are less than permitted value and equal 0.6-0.7 g per 1 cubic meter.

For increase in grain production it is necessary to use effectively machines for postharvest grain handling. But their shortcoming is the unsatisfactory work of the separating tools which is not conforming to modern requirements. The research of separator with the flexible cylinder revealed that its efficiency and particles passing through throughs depend on the relative speed of a grain layer and mesh lengths. Values of relative speeds of a layer for the cylinders having throughs of various length in case of which the greatest separation of particles is possible are established. At a cylinder circumferential speed of 5.17 m per second for throughs 16 mm long the relative speed of a layer should not exceed 1.04 m per second; of 56 mm - 2.07 m per second; of 96 mm - 3.43 m per second. Fine particles separation through cylinders throughs (processing capacity) corresponds to theoretical prerequisites. The author determined angular coordinates in a material feed zone where relative speeds of a layer were high - 2.2-4.0 m per second. Processing capacity of throughs at the beginning of a zone was equal to zero, then with reduction of speed slowly increased. Throughs of bigger length in this zone (96 mm) separated approximately twice more particles, than short one(16 mm). In a zone of the main separation the relative speed of a layer decreased from 1.8 to 0.8 m per second. Processing capacity in all mashes increased. throughs of bigger length had, respectively, the best processing capacity. The greatest allocation of particles through throughs corresponds to the relative speed of a layer of 0.7-0.9 m per second. The completeness of separation equal 0.8 and above, is reached in cylinders with throughs 96 mm long for 2 operation cycles, and with a length of 16 mm - for 3 cycles. Specific throughput was equal 1.05 and 0.7 kg per second per 1 sq. m respectively. Due to operation of a separator with the flexible cylinder and throughs of 56 mm long grain separation grade reached 99.0-99.2 percent. At the same time specific throughput of a separator with the flexible cylinder is about 2.00-2.25 times higher, than in option with a flat screen.