Turn is one of the main and functionally difficult types of the movement of the wheel mobile traction and transportation vehicles (TTV): cars, tractors, self-propelled chassis, all-terrain vehicles. Settlement and experimental questions of kinematics of TTV turn are considered, settlement schemes of turn of all-wheel drive running system are chosen, models of kinematic wheel slip are created. Turn of a tractor without and with traction loading at the switched-off and switched on gear sistem of driving axle is experimentally investigated. Results of settlement pilot studies and the received mathematical models of turn of the machine make it possible to increase the accuracy of the set trajectory of the movement and to make adjustments of the machine and tractor unit movement, to reduce turn radius. At circular turn with traction load of 12 kN speeds center moving back behind driving axle of a tractor with the interaxal blocked drive equals 2.9 m, and coefficient of a kinematic discrepancy is 1.05 while with the interaxal differentiated drive these sizes are equal 1.03 and 0.93 respectively. Thus radiuses of turn of tractors with various drives differ insignificantly: 6.5 and 6.7 respectively. It is noted that at TTV on shell tires without traction loading the longitudinal coordinate of the speeds center is displaced from an axis of wheels rotation by 0.15 m back, side slip angle of forward wheels moving equals plus of 5.0 and plus of 7.8 degrees, kinematic wheel slips come nearer to 0. At circular turn with traction loading the speeds center moving back behind an axis of the back driving axle makes minus of 1.8 m and minus of 0.9 m, angles of kinematic moving within 5-10 degrees; angles of side moving are equal minus 5 and minus 7 degrees.

In channels of pneumoseparators with vertical giving of an air flow process of separation of an easy component is casual because of a wrong form of caryopsis and irregularity in the distribution of an air stream on the cross section of the channel. Therefore the separated component can not be completely allocated for any final time of influence of an air flow. It is confirmed by the mathematical model which is adequately described by function of gamma distribution with arguments one of which is the important parameter of intensity of easy component separation. Just as the movement of a material point is determinet by its speed in each timepoint, and process of pneumoseparation is characterized on intensity of extraction of an easy component. The authors showed that this parameter makes the physical meaning opening possibility of an intensification of process of pneumoseparation that was not investigated adequately. Influence of grain charge on intensity of process of separation in vertically ascending air flow was studied. It is established that the increase in specific grain charge in the pneumoseparating channel with vertically ascending air flow is followed by increase of intensity of light impurities separation that can be explained by increase of speed of an air stream in intergrain space. When processing of barley at specific grain charge from 0.5 to 2 kg on sq. cm an hour intensity of impurity (oats) release increases depending on loading linearly. If intensity of process of separation at increase in loading from 0.5 to 2 kg on sq. cm per hour remained same as at charge of 0.5 kg of sq. cm per hour, settlement separation of oats at charge of 2 kg of sq. cm per hour would decrease from 51.97 percent (result of experience) to 9.83 percent. So, efficiency of separation with use of the pneumoseparating channel depend on change of grain charge.

Operating of quality of cutivation of a deformable soil layer is important at soil cultivating working too use. The soil as cutivated object is characterized by elastic modulus, the Poisson ratio, ultimate compression strength, angle of wall and internal friction, coefficient of specific potential energy of destruction of soil particles. All these indicators depend on values of absolute humidity of the loamy soil. By means of a finite elements method the authors predicted an intense and deformable condition of the cultivted layer of the loamy soil taking into account such suppositions as a quasi solidity, quasi elasticity, constancy of speed and depth of cultivation. For realization of this method several operations were used, such as compiling of a global stiffness matrix, a load column, solve simultaneous linear equations, definition of possible movements of nodal points in the soil body across and verticals, and also determination of specific potential energy of elementary soil fragments. The load column is formed taking into account the gravity of soil fragments, traction resistance of a side surface of a chisel and a cutting edge, and also inertia forces. In case of comparison of the received values with the experimental rate of specific potential energy of destruction of soil fragments of the loamy soil it is possible to make the forecast about geometrical parameters of a destruction zone and extent of crumbling of soil fragments. So, at absolute humidity of the loamy soil 20.73 percent, speed of the movement of 1.6 m a second, depth of processing of 0.2 m, width of working tool of 0.02 m destruction zone length in the direction of the movement makes 0.12 m, width equals 0.1 m, the critical depth of cutting is 0.08 m. The coefficient of crumbling of a zone of the disturbed state does not exceed 22 percent.

Productivity increase is one of priority problems of an agrarian complex in Russia. In many regions of the country cultivation of the majority of vegetables in an open ground is complicated or it is impossible because of severe climatic conditions. Plan cultivation in greenhouses, special aeroponic installations, phytothrones partially solves this problem. Production of various cultures suitable for food or as sowing material requires a complex of conditions, namely: optimum temperature, humidity and such the most important factor as illumination. Small intensity or shortage of light of a certain wavelength influence negatively on a morphogenesis of the grown-up cultures. Red and blue optical spectrums with lengths of waves of 640-660 nanometers and 430-460 nanometers respectively are most effective for growth of plants. Red highlighting promotes a phase of germination of wheat and increases by 2.5 times an indicator of a 1st leaf emergence. Influence of red and blue light on productivity of potato mini-tubers is experimentally defined: LED lamps in the mode of 660+450 nanometers can replace power-intensive sodium ones because values of weight of potato tubers at different lighting were close, having made 176.1 and 183.6 g respectively. At Brassica chinensis cultivation LED lamps can replace expensive sodium ones too: protein content made 17.4 mg per g at LED illumination and 16.4 mg per g in case of sodium lamps, and a share of soluble sugars from the total amount of sugars equals 100 and 50 percent respectively. At the illumination level of 350-400 mcM per 1 sq. m and a 1 second lamps on the basis of red and blue light-emitting diodes on density of a stream of photons in general provide adequate conditions of lighting for cultivation of many crops.

Trial plots are necessary for breed new varieties and renewal of the used ones on a scientific basis. Efficiency and an intensification of selection breeding and seed production processes substantially depends on technique of selection establishments. Creation of new generation of machines should be carried out according to the reached technological level and constructive decisions directed on resource-saving and the fullest accounting of agrobiological features of objects of machine influence, especially grain crops. In the course of grain harvest and transportation when selection works the bags complicated mechanization of process of delivery of grain from the harvester to a point of processing was widely applied so far. The authors suggested to substitute soft bags for rigid containers. Dimensions of transportation containers should be not exceeding a cross internal dimension of vehicles or multiply to take place in this dimension. The container dimension in the plan is a square with side not less than 1120 mm and high not less than 565 mm. A bottom of containers for grain drying is holed, a grain layer is no more than 300 mm. Due to containers advantages technological capabilities are possible: transportations of grain from the harvest to the point of grain processing, grain drying in containers, a mechanized unloading. Use of such containers will allow to lower labor and farm costs and by 5 times, to double filling of warehouses, completely to liquidate manual works at loading and unloading operations, to reduce wasted time by 1.5-2 times.

The authors described properties of the vegetable waste (VW) as object of burning in fire chambers of grain dryers. Though VW are often characterized by low combustion heat (10-12 MJ per kg), they could be considered as the valuable low-ash biological fuel which almost not contain ssulphur compounds and not pollute environment at the correct organization of burning process. Burning in a low-temperature circulating and vortex layer allows to keep small particles (0.5-3.0 mm) in a reaction zone before full burning out. Low-temperature condition of burning (600-700 degrees Celsius) excludes slagging of surfaces of a fire chamber, including heatexchange ones, and also reduces poison emission in the atmosphere. Precede subdrying of the VW particles and burning period have often the same duration. Duration of subdrying is calculated on the basis of the heatmass transfer equations. Transfer of heat when subdrying of small particles (less than 0.5-1.0 mm) is carried out by heat conductivity, when large particles (more than 1.0 mm) subdrying this process is convective. Adequacy of calculation formulas was estimated by the available experimental results of VW particles burning. Satisfactory coincidence (12 percent measure of inaccuracy) is received. The same coincidence is characteristic for calculated dependence at the equivalent coefficient of heat conductivity which value exceeds a table one by 25 percent. If a fuel is low-reactionary and solid, with a caloric content of 15 MJ per kg so burning of it in the furnace block aggregated with a grain drayer will be better at addition of high-reactionary liquid or gaseous fuel.

The authors offered a concept of design and production of tractors perspective models to minimize cost by change of configuration and simplification of cabins for simultaneous safety level increase. Monoblock configuration of tractors presents increased technical difficulties when repair, operation. As a result, financial expenses increase and use efficiency decrease. One of the main tasks facing designers is providing the corresponding working conditions, decrease in vibration influences, physical activities that reduces fatigue of the operator and increases labor productivity. A technical solution of a problem of increase of efficiency of the Russian agrarian and industrial complex is creation of the agricultural tractor which is not only most adapted for the Russian conditions, but also having competitive advantages. The authors offered the concept of a new tractor with know-how elements which main differences are: shift of the engine forward on the level of regular freights, rigid fixing of an arch or safety small frame on a tractor frame. The runner block with a control platform is mounted inside of this frame. Thus the cabin made of various materials providing necessary noise and thermal insulation is mounted onto the runner block. Possibility of achievement of the specified purpose is illustrated in this paper by the example of a caterpillar.

Mechanization of harvesting of potatoes takes root more widely everything around the world due tof potato-harvesting machines which allow to lower work expenses by 3-5 times. Because of soil and climatic features (high summer temperatures, low relative humidity of air, soil puddling) potato-harvesting machiness did not become widely used in the Republic of Uzbekistan. Therefore potato diggers KTN-2B and KST-1.4 are operated at harvesting with the assistance of numerous workers and loaders, that increases stoop labour. In the conditions of Uzbekistan when early potatoes harvesting during the summer period humidity of the soil is lowered. Therefore at digging the soil layer with tubers crumbles badly, with formation of large lumps that complicates separating them from tubers on a sizing screen and an elevator. It leads to increase in loss and damage of tubers. The production digging working tools of the existing potatoes diggers take away the excess soil in a significant amount at digging, and as a result tuberi mass build-up in front of a ploughshare. As result the harvestig becomse difficult and traction resistance increases. Therefore carrying out scientific researches on development of more effective method of tubers harvesting providing the demanded quality of work at smaller energy consumption and bigger productivity is required.The authors worked out the energy saving digger reducing losses and damages of potatoes tubers. Its outfit consists of basic clods breaking tools, undersized section ploughshares and a swathmaker. Results of power indicators were represented. Advantage of an energy saving potatoes digger in comparison with production machines were revealed during tests. The traction resistance of an energy saving potatoes digger and a consumption of petroleum, oil and lubricants decreased by 15-18 and 11 percent respectively, in comparison with a production digger. Thus the speed of the movement and tractive power increased by 30 and 20 percent respectively.