Satellite monitoring and the fuel accounting is an urgent need for normal operation of motor transport. Introduction of a system activity with use of modern satellite technologies allows to lower transportation costs, to increase efficiency of use of agricultural machinery. The authors offered algorithm for modeling of technologies of a crop transportation from combine harvesters according to transfer schemes, with use of a loading crane based on the tractor-trailer and replaceable bodies. At application of the GLONASS system combines capacity grows with increase in length of furrow, and the quantity of re-loaders of different models significantly decreases. The more powerful of a re-loader is the fewer tracks are necessary due to their capacity increases. When yield increase by 2 t/ha the need for combines and re-loaders increases irrespective of their power. Rational forms of the organization of operations enable reduction of standing time of combines, increase capacity of transportation vehicles and by that grain loss reduction owing to reduction reducing of harvest terms. The problem of optimum construction and functioning of harvest and transport complexes of the agricultural enterprises with use of replaceable adapters and navigation satellite systems of GLONASS/GPS is actual. It is of major importance to national economy. The solution of this problem will make it possible firstly to raise effectiveness of performance of harvest and transport complexes because of reduction of standing time of machines and terms of harvesting and secondly to increase loading of domestic GLONASS system essential. The system of satellite monitoring with use of GLONASS data justifies costs of its installation and operation within 3-9 months that lowers the common costs of vehicle fleet by 30 percent.

One of the directions of decrease in power consumption of soil cultivation is change of a form and parameters of elements of a plow body like a plough share and a moldboard. Known mathematical expressions for determination of traction resistance of plows do not allow to consider various degree of loading of different parts of moldboard. The offered technique of definition of a horizontal component of traction resistance of a moldboard considers this difference in loading of a plow body surface. The component of surface resistance was determined due to summation of resistances of elementary horizontal components of a moldboard, with use of crumbling curves of a longitudinally vertical projection of the plow body. These curves are formed owing to horizontal transfer of points of intersection of secants of tcutting planes parallel to a furrow wall. If the deformator is completely digged in the soil, but there is no its turn and movement, then an expression for determination of work intensity of the active working element at penetration to the soil allows to calculate traction effort of an elementary horizontal component of moldboard resistance. The received expression can be used at approximation of curves of a longitudinally vertical projection of the plow body where the breast and median part of a moldboard are most loaded. Degree of loading of an elementary horizontal component of a moldboard is formed by the normal tension value which is comparable to deformation coefficient. The resistance component for soil layer ejecting considers the plowing depth, furrow width, speed of the plowing unit, density of the deformable soil, average value of a tilt angle of generators of a moldboard surface to a furrow wall. If moisture content in loamy soil is about 21 percent, plowing depth equals 0.20 m then the traction resistance of a 0.35 m wide moldboard will amount 1035 N.

Treatment of crop seeds by low-frequency electromagnetic field contributes to obtaining high and stable yields. After this treatment in a laboratory environment crop production can increase from 15 to 40 percent. To research an effect of magnetic field on a seed material in the field we developed technological design for a seeds treatment in a combine harvester «Enisey-1200 NМ». Three modules of low frequency electromagnetic waves source were mounted in the design of transporting working elements from the threshing apparatus to the grain tank for the impact they have on the moving of freshly threshed grain portion. Conditions of magnetization of seeds vere varied. Influence of modes of grain treatment at threshing of spring wheat in a harvester on the effectiveness of the stimulation vere researched. A comparative laboratory analysis of quality of grain, magnetic directly in the harvester, and 3 months after thrashing showed that the new technology allows to increase sowing qualities of grain. Electromagnetic irradiation of grain in a harvester increases the germination of seeds from 6 to 20 percent, germination energy about 30 percent, also raises the weight of the plant parts and more qualitatively clears seeds of a peel that promotes best storage. Regime of magnetization determines a germination ability and readiness og seeds. The most pronounced effect of the grain magnetization is observed under irradiation becomes apparent for more than 9 minutes. Irradiation of grain placed in the hopper of the combine is more effective. The optimum parameters of electromagnetic radiation is a frequency equaled to 16 Hz, the value of magnetic induction of 6 mT. We proposed to extend the technology field stimulation of seeds with low-frequency magnetic field in order to increase germination and yield of different crops. An application of the proposed design of the electromagnetic module for any model and size of modern types of grain and rice harvesters can be extended.

An aviation treatment of agricultural and forest lands has advantages as against at-ground one on productivity, opportunity to cultivate a field with the humidified soil, to lack of mechanical damages of plants. The authors proved expediency of use of a light aircraft for chemical operations. A gyroplan is perspective easy rotary-wing aircraft for application of liquid products of chemicalixation. It hass properties of a plane and a helicopter. Developed by authors gyroplan has a modular design of the apparatus providing the automated application of liquid producs of chemicalixation with a operating speed of 70-100 km/ha and spreading width of 8 m, high of 1.0-1.5 m, application rate of 10-20 l/ha. Parameters of efficiency of use of the autogyro were established: duration of one flight cycle depending on length of furrow and distance of approach to the cultivated field site; useful loading capacity and application rate. The field area processed by the gyroplan increases with reduction of norm of application which rational values make 10-20 l/ha. With increase in useful loading capacity from 100 to 350 kg gyroplan productivity in flight hour increases by 3 times and more. However, loading capacity is limited by the power of the plantpropulsion unit of an autogyro. The shotest time of flight of an autogyro is 14-46 min and the maximum efficiency of treatment of crops is 37-43 ha/h. These parameters are provided at rational values of length of furrow of 1.0-2.6 km within approach distance to a field of 0.6-1.5 km. For example, if an engine capacity of the plantpropulsion unit of an autogyro equals 150, 200 and 300 h.p., so useful loading capacity usually makes 120, 200 and 350 l respectively.

Impact of cereal crops yield on the actual strow content in heap mass was studied. Its distribution interval is from 0.6 to 1.2 in the range of yields from 3 to 12 t/ha. Regularity of strow content decline and productivity increase at the same time is confirmed by the Cochran criterion (its estimated value of 0.56 is less than the table one of 0.62). A strow content low facilitates the harvesters’ operation. The required for the operation process harvesters engine power is different depending on schemes of threshing-separating machine with the rotary and beater threshing drums. The authors proved adequacy of the obtained mathematical models of dependence of the engine power from harvester delivery capacity. For the combines with classical technological scheme the calculated value of Fisher criterion is 0.75. For combines with an axial rotary threshing-separating device the table value of 0.8 criterion is also higher than the estimated one of 0.66.The obtained results of the required power calculations at various methodological approaches were close to results convergence exceeding 10 percent, which confirms objectivity of them. The technological and economic efficiency of the rotary harvesters compared with classical scheme is better. It is obtained due to the higher specific bandwidth, low grain crushing and micro damage. If a harvester has the threshing-separating device with axial rotor scheme, so grain crushing is much less(no more than 0.5-0.6 percent), which also improves economic parameters. But at operation of combines with the classical scheme the share of broken grain makes 4-6 percent that sharply raises indirect losses of a harvest. We recommend when the combine fleet renovation шт agricultural enterprises to introduce 1.5-2 times high-performance harvesters with axial rotor scheme.

At operation of fire chambers it is necessary to control amount of the air spent when fuel burning. For for this purpose scientist investigate aerodynamics of a fire chamber. On cold model we studied aerodynamic parameters of a fire chamber for plant materials, including three options of the organization of secondary blasting: from fuel input, from the opposite side and from both parties. Their influence on stability of ignition and burning of fuel was revealed. Conditions of formation of vortex circulating contours, their quantity at various giving of air in model, intensity of their rotation and dependence of an arrangement of contours from consumed concentration amount were established. As model bodies we used real objects of burning: sunflower hull and straw shreddings. As criteria of optimization of burning were degree of fullness of the chamber with a material rotating in circulating cameras and vortex rotation intensity. The minimum speed of the air given to model as primary, secondary and tertiary blasting, was limited by a constraint of not drop-out of particles from vortexes. Optimization of a given air consumption is caused by decrease in coefficient of surplus when burning (1.2-1.5). The optimum structure of a two-phase blast provides one or two circulating vortexes in the camera of model with a speed of rotation of 4; 6 and 8 meters per second at consumed concentration of 0.2-0.3 kg of material per 1 kg of air. The maximum filling of the camera and the minimum loss of particles from vortex correspond to such parameters.

An agricultural sector has an actual problem. It means toxicity of diesel engines, and also their high heat density. The main toxic components such as nitrogen oxides and firm particles are typical for diesel engines. The water additive in fuel reduces heat density and toxicity of engines. At water supply in the combustion chamber there is a cooling of the charge coming to the cylinder. Indicators of engine operation depend on a way of water supply in the combustion chamber. The authors chose for researches two widespread rational ways of water supply in the cylinder: with air and in the form of a water fuel emulsion. A technique of an experimental study consists in comparison of the chosen ways on ecological safety of an internal-combustion engine, its temperature conditions and registration of a limit amount of water before violation of normal operation of the diesel. The authors analysed characteristics of the diesel engine on toxicity of exhaust gases, engine efficiency and temperature condition depending on a way of water supply in cylinders. They carried out tests on load characteristics with a nominal frequency of rotation of a cranked shaft of the diesel that corresponds to power at agricultural operations on a tractor or a harvester. Water supply of 70 percent with air reduces temperature of a piston crown fire surface by 27 percent at average values of the power of 11-13 kW. But at low and maximum loadings this decrease makes about 20 percent. At water supply with a water fuel emulsion this effect is less and on low loadings makes about 5 percent, and at the power of 12-14 kW it reaches 20 percent.

Working out of new designs of a drum cleaner of root crop heads is necessary at modernization of beet-harvesters. A drum cleaner, contacting to a root crop head, clears it of a leafy tops owing to compulsory drum rotation round a horizontal axis and its forward motion on a surface of a root crop head. An effective doffing of tops remains from a root crop head without its damage occurs under an influence of a maximum allowed force of a hold-down of a drum to a root crop head depending on force of the reaction of a root crop directed on a normal to a head surface. Thus, force of reaction of a root crop depends on a static stress, admissible for a root crop, and the area of contact of a drum and a root crop surfaces. The authors determined a necessary force of contact of a drum with a head in any point for ensuring process of a doffing of the top remains from a root crop head. A differential equation of the movement of a drum at full copying of a root crop head was offered. Due to received formulas it is possible to determinate an area of a contact spot, mass of a drum and hold-down force of a spring considering a stability of contact of a drum and a root crop. The authors worked out new mathematical model of interaction of a drum cleaner with a root crop head during doffing of leafy tops remains and gave mathematical dependences proving cleaner parameters.