RESOURCE-SAVING AGRICULTURE ON THE BASIS OF DOMESTIC MACHINERY

Abstract

To increase efficiency of plant industry, it is necessary to introduce essentially new domestic power both resource saving competitive technologies and complexes of machines. Energy saving anticipates essential decrease in expenses of power and fuel consumption on carrying out field operations, sharp reduction of terms of field works thanks to use of the wide-level combined block and modular machines. Power and resource saving is achieved with three types of technologies: classical, mini-till and no-till. Now in the majority of Russian regions most often they use the minimum technology of soil cultivating and sowing. The authors have worked out the unique way of antidroughty moisture storage ecological soil cultivating and an optimum complex of soil-cultivating machinery for realization of this technology. Its introduction in production will reduce farm labour input and energy for soil cultivating, will keep its fertility and an ecological state of environment, will reduce expenses by grain production to 50%. They have worked out the various block and modular machinery aggregated with tractors of all traction classes, all stages of technology, for various zone conditions. This machinery is produced by plants in the Republic of Tatarstan, in the Yaroslavl, Chelyabinsk and Ivanovo regions. Economic efficiency of technology is expressed in decrease of specific amount of metal per structure, power and fuel consumption. Thus the cultivator cost pays back twice in a year, productivity increases significantly, specific metal and energy consumption decrease. The technology with a machines complex is introduced in 56 regions of Russia.