Electronic Control System for a Series Hybrid Tractor with In-Wheel Motors

Modern agriculture is becoming less dependent on traditional mechanical systems with the introduction of intelligent control systems. These systems utilize adaptive algorithms and neural networks to optimize the operation of engines, batteries, and hydraulic systems under variable loads and complex operating conditions. (Research purpose) To develop an electronic control system for a series hybrid tractor equipped with in-wheel motors. (Materials and methods) The study involved an analysis of the hybrid tractor components, including the diesel generator, traction battery, in-wheel motors, and electronic control units. The system architecture is based on microprocessor modules with feedback mechanisms (primarily using the CAN bus for data exchange). Control algorithm models were developed to ensure precise and adaptive system performance under dynamic operating conditions. (Results and discussion) The implementation of adaptive algorithms increases the efficiency of the diesel engine-generator by 42%, reduces fuel consumption by 12-15%, and decreases CO₂ emissions by 15%. The precision hydraulic and braking systems shorten the braking distance by 8–12%, while neural networks enable prediction of braking parameters with up to 95% accuracy. In addition, the upgraded battery systems maintain stable operation across a wide temperature range from 0 to 100°C, contributing to the durability and reliability of the equipment. These results confirm the potential of intelligent control systems to enhance both the efficiency and environmental sustainability of agricultural machinery. (Conclusions) The developed electronic control system optimizes the performance of the components in a series hybrid tractor with in-wheel motors, enabling adaptive and precise realtime regulation of operational parameters. It improves enhances the tractor's maneuverability and operational safety under varying field conditions. Ultimately, it leads to a longer component lifespan and improved overall productivity.

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