Power Plants Based on a Steam Drive with a Working Body Closed Circulation

The authors investigated the heat carriers thermodynamic characteristics and the power plant structural components, which ensured the efficient conversion of thermal energy into mechanical and electrical energy.

(Research purpose) To conduct modeling for calculating the structure manufacturing technology and studying the power plant characteristics based on a steam engine with given energy parameters.

(Materials and methods) The authors carried out mathematical modeling based on the heat and mass transfer laws. To create a prototype model of a steam engine, the recuperation principle based on the “liquid–vapor–liquid” cycle with the use of low-temperature heat carriers was used.

(Results and discussion) The authors showed that double transformation of the aggregation state of the working body was much more efficient than its heating. They calculated the characteristics connecting the energy processes of low-temperature heat carriers vaporization (freon R-134a) in the radiator and engine. They revealed dependencies: the radiator heating time from 30 degrees Celsius (ambient temperature) to 100 degrees (maximum operating temperature) at different powers of the heating source (3; 4; 5 kilowatts); density and average density of steam in the radiator from temperature; the steam engine power and the freon steam consumption from the pressure of 0-3.97 megapascals.

(Conclusions) The authors determined that the working steam amount, proportional to its density at a temperature of 90 degrees and a pressure of 3.6 megapascals, was 4.75 times less than the liquid freon amount, proportional to its density, at 100 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 3.97 megapascals, the working steam amount was 2 times less than liquid freon. They revealed a limited range of operating temperatures in a steam engine. It was proved that these calculation methods and characteristics determined the structural and energy parameters of the developed power plants based on a steam engine.

1. Karno S. Razmyshleniya o dvizhushchei sile ognya i o mashinakh, sposobnykh razvivat’ etu silu [Reflections on the driving force of fire and on machines capable of developing this force]. Moscow–Leningrad. 1923. 2009. 512 (In Russian).

2. Traverso A., Calzolari F., Massardo A. Transient Analysis of and Control System for Advanced Cycles Based on Micro Gas Turbine Technology. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. 2005. Vol. 127. N2. 340–347 (In English).

3. Gamou S., Yokoyama R., Ito K. Parametric Study on Economic Feasibility of Microturbine Cogeneration Systems by an Optimization Approach. Journal of Engineering for gas Turbines and power. 2005. Vol. 127. N2. 389-397 (In English).

4. Ingram G., Hogg S., Burton Z. The Influence of Inlet Asymmetry on Steam Turbine Exhaust Hood Flows. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power. 2014. N136(4). 0426021-426029 (In English).

5. Tawney R., Khan Z., Zachary J. Economic and Performance Evaluation of Heat Sink Options in Combined Cycle Applications. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. 2005. Vol. 127. N2. 397-403 (In English).

6. Manezhnov V.G., Smorodin G.S., Kopeykin D.A. Metody povysheniya teplovoy i ekologicheskoy effektivnosti energoustanovok s gazovymi turbinami [Methods for increasing the thermal and environmental efficiency of power plants with gas turbines]. Molodoy uchenyy. 2016. N20 (124). 174-176 (In Russian).

7. Oparin E.G. Fizicheskie osnovy bestoplevnoy energetiki (ogranichennost’ vtorogo nachala termodinamiki) [Physical foundations of fuel-free energy (limitedness of the second law of thermodynamics)]. Editorial URSS. 2003. 136 (In Russian).

8. Oparin E.G. O zabytykh ideyakh K.E. Tsiolkovskogo v oblasti termodinamiki [About the forgotten ideas of K.E. Tsiolkovsky in the field of thermodynamics]. ZHRFM. 1997. 17-41 (In Russian).

9. Oshchepkov P.K. Zhizn’ i mechta [Life and Dream]. Moscow: Moskovskiy rabochiy. 1984. 329 (In Russian).

10. Rumer Yu.B., Ryvkin M.Sh. Termodinamika, statisticheskaya fizika i kinetika [Thermodynamics, Statistical Physics and Kinetics]. Moscow: Nauka. 1977. 552 (In Russian).

11. Gafurov A.M., Gafurov N.M. Metodika vybora optimal’nogo nizkokipyashchego rabochego tela dlya ispol’zovaniya v nizkotemperaturnykh sredakh [Methodology for choosing the optimal low-boiling working fluid for use in low-temperature environments]. Innovatsionnaya nauka. 2015. N11-2(11). 31-32 (In Russian).

12. Gafurov A.M., Kalimullina R.M. Szhizhennyy uglekislyy gaz v kachestve rabochego tela v teplovom konture organicheskogo tsikla Renkina [Liquefied carbon dioxide as a working fluid in the thermal circuit of the organic Rankine cycle]. Innovatsionnaya nauka. 2015. N12-2(12). 38-40 (In Russian).

13. Provenza A. J., Montague G.T., Jansen M.J., Palazzolo A.B., Jansen R.H. Temperature Characterization of a Radial Magnetic Bearing for Turbomachinery. Journal of engineering for gas turbines and power. 2005. Vol.127. N2. 434-445 (In English).

14. Dossat R.Dzh., Khoran T.Dzh. Osnovy kholodil’noi tekhniki [Refrigeration fundamentals]. Moscow: Tekhnosfera. 2008. 824 (In Russian).

15. Mayorov V.A. Fenomenologicheskaya teoriya i issledovanie termodinamicheskikh kharakteristik i parametrov real’nykh teplonositeley dlya priemnikov solnechnogo izlucheniya [Phenomenological theory and research of thermodynamic characteristics and parameters of real heat carriers for solar radiation receivers]. Vestnik VIESKH. 2017. N4(29). 83-89 (In Russian).

16. Kuzovlev V.A. Tekhnicheskaya termodinamika i osnovy teploperedachi [Technical thermodynamics and basics of heat transfer]. Moscow: Vysshaya shkola. 1975. 303 (In Russian).

17. Litvin A.M. Tekhnicheskaya termodinamika i osnovy teploperedachi [Technical thermodynamics and basics of heat transfer]. Moscow–Leningrad: Gosenergoizdat. 1963. 312 (In Russian).