Plowshare for Growing Ecologically Safe Soybeans
https://doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-3-59-65
Abstract
The authors showed that strip sowing with the paw plowshare allows soybean plants to branch better, and branches with leaves of nearby rows do not close for a long time, mowing vegetation between the strips reduces the total number of weeds, the chemical load on the crops, and ensures environmental safety of the products.
(Research purpose) To determine the seed distribution parameters by the paw plowshare according to the area of the sowing strip and the depth of seed placement, to establish the effect of the plowshare of different types on the weediness of crops and soybean yield after various preceding crops.
(Materials and methods) The authors studied the equability of soybean seeds distribution with the paw plowshare on the surface of the grooved tub, adhesive tape, and in the soil according to the following indicators: spread width, number of seeds per unit area, and placement depth. They conducted a comparative field experiment; in different years according to meteorological conditions, on a typical meadow black earth soil, soybean was sown with seeders with plowshare of two designs after various preceding crops: steam, wheat and soy.
(Results and discussion) It was determined that the paw plowshare the specified sowing row width of 0.18-0.20 meters at the channel soil at a depth of 0.05 meters. The deviation from the equability of the sown seeds distribution over the area was determined 0.93-1.56 percent. It was found that strip sowing with the paw plowshare and further mowing of weeds between the strips reduced the weediness of soybean crops after fallow land by 67.7 percent, after wheat by 66.5 percent and after soybean by 65.4 percent, increasing its yield compared to ordinary sowing with a disc plowshare.
(Conclusions) The authors established a regular increase in soybean productivity when sowing with the paw plowshare: after naked fallow – by 0.59 tons per hectare, after wheat – by 0.51, after soy – by 0.21 tons. They suggested using seeders with paw plowshare 0.2 meters wide at a distance of 0.6 meters from each other for growing ecologically safe soybean seeds in the Amur region.
About the Authors
V. V. Epifantsev
Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Victor V. Epifantsev, Dr.Sc.(Agr.), professor, leading researcher
Blagoveshchensk
Ya. A. Osipov
Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yakov A. Osipov, Ph.D.(Eng.), associate professor, senior researcher
Blagoveshchensk
Yu. A. Vaytekhovich
Far Eastern Scientific Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Yuriy A. Vaytekhovich, junior researcher
Blagoveshchensk
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Review
For citations:
Epifantsev V.V., Osipov Ya.A., Vaytekhovich Yu.A. Plowshare for Growing Ecologically Safe Soybeans. Agricultural Machinery and Technologies. 2020;14(3):59-65. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-3-59-65
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