Equipment and Technology Application for Washing Highly Saline Soils

Soil fertility can be restored using special technologies and equipment. In particular, chisels are developed for loosening lands with dense and gypsum soil layers, and mole drains are laid on saline lands with a high level of groundwater.

(Research purpose) To substantiate the parameters and technologies for using energy-saving chisel working parts for loosening dense and gypsum soil layers, as well as devices for forming mole drains in subsurface layers of saline soils.

(Materials and methods) Modern methods and devices were used to justify the parameters of the chisel ripper and the mole drainage tools. The authors presented the scheme of experiments at the pilot production area. They studied the mechanical composition and the degree of soil salinity in the experimental field.

(Results and discussion) The authors determined the soil loosening effectiveness before washing using the developed chisel cultivator. For laying mole drainage on heavily loamy highly saline soils a device was proposed that differs from its analogues in that it has a two-part frame.

(Conclusions) The authors ensured the high-quality execution of the technological process for the harmful salts removal from the fertile soil layers. It was found that soil decomposition with the chisel at a depth of 0.45 meters, and after plowing at a depth of 0.35 meters followed by soil washing, reduced the salt content from 0.978 percent to 0.198-0.578 percent, at the same time the desalinization coefficient was 1.7-4.9. The duration of irrigation was reduced by 15 days compared to traditional process. The authors showed that due to additional tillage in case of water shortage, the flushing rate could be reduced from 6500 cubic meters per hectare to 4500 or 5500 cubic meters. They determined that the application of the proposed technology reduced energy consumption by 9.0-14.5 percent, labor costs by 7.91-14.11 percent, operating costs by 8.16-11.0 percent, increased labor productivity by 16.3-18.0 percent, and that ensured annual economic efficiency in the amount of 11.6-12.6 million soums.

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