<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vimjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Machinery and Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7599</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22314/2073-7599-2025-19-2-11-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">RHTRSZ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vimjour-663</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЭКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ECOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эколого-эргономические аспекты функционирования технологий возделывания подсолнечника</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Ecological and Ergonomic Aspects of Operating Hybrid Sunflower Cultivation Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Керимов</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kerimov</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мухтар Ахмиевич Керимов, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mukhtar A. Kerimov, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), professor</p><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">martan-rs@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ветушко</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vetushko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виктор Иванович Ветушко, старший преподаватель</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor I. Vetushko, senior lecturer</p><p>Pushkin, St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">masterkms@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>11</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Керимов М.А., Ветушко В.И., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Керимов М.А., Ветушко В.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kerimov M.A., Vetushko V.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/663">https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/663</self-uri><abstract><p>Технология возделывания гибридных семян подсолнечника формализована в виде биотехнической динамической системы «оператор-машина-среда». Эффективность ее функционирования зависит от различных факторов, основными из них являются квалификация операторов-машинистов, технический уровень машин, производственная и внешняя среда. (Цель исследования) Повышение эффективности технологий производства гибридных семян подсолнечника за счет разработки и обоснования безопасных научно-технических решений. (Материалы и методы) Установили, что указанная система является вероятностной и ее состояние можно описать моделью. В качестве аргументов функции выбраны факторы, которые формируют обстоятельства, оказывающие на систему позитивное, нейтральное и негативное воздействия. Констатировали, что для организации оптимального функционирования системы необходима рациональная дифференциация энергетических, материальных и информационных потоков по подсистемам и целесообразная увязка их между собой.  (Результаты и обсуждение) Доказали, что достижение поставленной цели обеспечивается реализацией главных системотехнических задач: анализа – выбор основных параметров биотехнической системы, характеристик внешней среды, изменяющихся случайным (в вероятностно-статистическом смысле) образом; синтеза – обоснованием оптимальной схемы управления системой. (Выводы) Технологическая надежность биотехнической системы как качественная мера характеризует приспособленность ее к выполнению предписанных функций с учетом технико-экономических показателей, эколого-эргономических требований и временного аспекта. Эргономические требования к выбору структуры и обоснованию параметров системы должны учитывать травмоопасные факторы, влияющие на безопасность технологий производства гибридных семян подсолнечника. Пересечение во времени и пространстве обстоятельств предтравматической ситуации и опасного действия операторов приводит к травмам, появление которых характеризуется как функция. Предложен комплексный показатель – критерий травмоопасности, являющийся функцией травмирующих факторов: запыленности рабочей зоны; температуры окружающей среды; технического уровня машинно-тракторного агрегата. Разработана модель прогноза числа пострадавших операторов и обоснованы направления профилактики травматизма при возделывании гибридных семян подсолнечника. Агротехнологическое приложение разработанной модели позволяет обеспечивать снижение травматизма на 12-15 процентов, а в перспективе перейти на безопасные технологии возделывания гибридных семян подсолнечника.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The technology for cultivating hybrid sunflower seeds is formalized as a biotechnical dynamic system structured around the «operator–machine–environment» triad. The efficiency of this system depends on multiple factors, primarily the qualification level of machine operators, the technical advancement of the machinery, and the conditions of both the production and external environments. (Research purpose) To enhance the efficiency of hybrid sunflower seed production technologies by developing and validating safe scientific and technical solutions. (Materials and methods) The system is characterized as probabilistic, with its state described by a mathematical model. The model’s input variables represent factors exerting positive, neutral, or negative impacts on the system. It is established that achieving optimal system performance requires the rational distribution and effective coordination of energy, material, and information flows across its subsystems. (Results and discussion) The study demonstrates that the research objective is achieved through two core systems engineering tasks: analysis, which involves identifying key parameters of the biotechnical system and environmental variables that exhibit probabilistic-statistical variability; and synthesis, which involves justifying an optimal control scheme for system operation. (Conclusions) The technological reliability of the biotechnical system, as a qualitative metric, reflects its capacity to perform designated functions while accounting for technical and economic indicators, ecological and ergonomic requirements, and time-related factors. Ergonomic requirements related to system design and parameter selection must take into consideration injury-inducing factors that affect the safety of hybrid sunflower seed production technologies. The convergence of pre-injury conditions and hazardous operator actions in time and space leads to injury, the occurrence of which can be mathematically modeled as a function. A comprehensive indicator – the injury risk criterion – is proposed and modeled as a function of harmful factors, including workplace dust concentration, ambient temperature, and the technical condition of the machine-tractor unit. A predictive model has been developed to estimate the number of potential injuries, and corresponding preventive measures have been substantiated. The agrotechnological application of the proposed model enables a 12-15% reduction in injury rates and facilitates the transition to safer cultivation technologies for hybrid sunflower seed production.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подсолнечник</kwd><kwd>гибридные семена</kwd><kwd>технология</kwd><kwd>функционирование</kwd><kwd>биотехническая система</kwd><kwd>травматизм</kwd><kwd>прогнозная модель</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sunflower</kwd><kwd>hybrid seeds</kwd><kwd>technology</kwd><kwd>functioning</kwd><kwd>biotechnical system</kwd><kwd>injury risk</kwd><kwd>predictive model</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Керимов М.А., Ветушко В.И. Повышение эффективности и безопасности функционирования технологий производства семян технических культур // Известия Международной академии аграрного образования. 2023. N66. С. 44-49. EDN: SCKMEP.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kerimov M.A., Vetushko V.I. Improving the efficiency and safety of the functioning of technologies for the production of seeds of industrial crops. Izvestia International Academy of Agricultural Education. 2023. N66. 44-49 (In Russian). EDN SCKMEP.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Моисеев С.А., Рябкин Е.А., Камалихин В.Е., Каргин В.И. Совершенствование технологии возделывания подсолнечника // Промышленность и сельское хозяйство. 2021. N3 (32). С. 25-33.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moiseev S.A., Ryabkin E.A., Kamalikhin V.Ye., Kargin V.I. Improvement of sunflower cultivation technology. Industry and Agriculture. 2021. N3 (32). 25-33 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artemyev A.A., Guryanov A.M., Kargin V.I., Zaharkina R.A. The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring rape: features and economic assessment. Annals of Agri Bio Research. 2019. Vol. 24. N2. 191-195. EDN: GDFPLJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artemyev A.A., Guryanov A.M., Kargin V.I., Zaharkina R.A. The use of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation of spring rape: features and economic assessment. Annals of Agri Bio Research. 2019. Vol. 24. N2. 191-195 (In English). EDN: GDFPLJ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nenko N.I., Neshchadim N.N. Prospects for sunflower cultivation in the Krasnodar Region with the use of plant growth regulator. Helia. 2016. Vol. 39. N65. 197-211. DOI: 10.1515/helia-2016-0018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nenko N.I., Neshchadim N.N. Prospects for sunflower cultivation in the krasnodar region with the use of plant growth regulator. Helia. 2016. Vol. 39. N65. 197-211 (In English). DOI: 10.1515/helia-2016-0018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Белова Т.И., Шкрабак В.С., Савельев А.П., Агашков Е.М. Проблемы определения дисперсного состава пыли в воздухе рабочей зоны комбикормовых предприятий // Безопасность жизнедеятельности. 2022. N9(261). С. 2430. EDN: JJVDJH.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belova T.I., Shkrabak V.S., Savel’yev A.P., Agashkov Ye.M. Problems of assessing the dispersed composition of dusts in the air of the working area of feed mills. Life Safety. 2022. N9(261). 24-30 (In English). EDN: JJVDJH.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">De Andrade L.C., Andreazza R., De Oliveira Camargo F.A. Cultivation of sorghum and sunflower in soils with amendment of sludge from industrial landfill. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 2019. Vol. 8. N2. 119-130. DOI: 10.1007/s40093-018-0236-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">De Andrade L.C., Andreazza R., De Oliveira Camargo F.A. Cultivation of sorghum and sunflower in soils with amendment of sludge from industrial landfill. International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture. 2019. Vol. 8. N2. 119-130 (In English). DOI: 10.1007/s40093-018-0236-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nizamov R.M., Safiollin F.N., Khismatullin M.M. et al. Modern biological products and growth stimulators in the technology of cultivation of sunflower for oilseeds. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. 2019. Vol. 10. N1. 341-347. EDN: JMOYIA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nizamov R.M., Safiollin F.N., Khismatullin M.M. et al. Modern biological products and growth stimulators in the technology of cultivation of sunflower for oilseeds. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. 2019. Vol. 10. N1. 341-347. EDN: JMOYIA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Belova T.I., Titenok A.V., Bezik V.A. et al. Theoretical rationale of adopting dust removal systems in workplaces of reception points at mixed feed milling plants. Natural Vola­tiles and Essential Oils. 2021. Vol. 8. N4. 7840-7853. EDN: MCQFTJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Belova T.I., Titenok A.V., Bezik V.A. et al. Theoretical rationale of adopting dust removal systems in workplaces of reception points at mixed feed milling plants. Natural Vola­tiles and Essential Oils. 2021. Vol. 8. N4. 7840-7853 (In English). EDN: MCQFTJ.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vad A., Szabó A., Basal O., Veres S. Yield of sweet corn and sunflower as affected by different cultivation methods and fertilisation schemes. Plant, Soil and Environment. 2023. Vol. 69. N10. 480-485. DOI: 10.17221/292/2023-pse.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vad A., Szabó A., Basal O., Veres S.  Yield of sweet corn and sunflower as affected by different cultivation methods and fertilisation schemes. Plant, Soil and Environment. 2023. Vol. 69. N10. 480-485 (In English). DOI: 10.17221/292/2023-pse.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Agashkov E., Terekhov D., Loboda O., Belova T. Analysis of disperse composition of the dust in air of working zone of feed mills. IOP: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 913. 052064. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/ 913/5/052064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Agashkov E., Terekhov D., Loboda O., Belova T. Analysis of disperse composition of the dust in air of working zone of feed mills. IOP: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 913. 052064 (In English). DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/913/5/052064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дукеева А.К. Урожайность подсолнечника в зависимости от приемов возделывания // Наука и образование. 2023. N1-3(70). С. 116-124. DOI: 10.52578/2305-9397-2023-1-3-116-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dukeyeva A.K. Sunflower yield depending on cultivation techniques.  Science and Education.. 2023. N1-3(70). 116124 (In Russian). DOI: 10.52578/2305-9397-2023-1-3-116-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобачевский Я.П., Старовойтов С.И., Ахалая Б.Х., Ценч Ю.С. Цифровые технологии в почвообработке // Инновации в сельском хозяйстве. 2019. N1(30).С. 191197. EDN: ZAWQJF.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lobachevsky Ya.P., Starovoitov S.I., Akhalaya B.Kh., Tsench Yu.S. Digital technologies in tilling. Innovations in agriculture. 2019. N1(30.) 191-197 (In Russian). EDN: ZAWQJF.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бейлис В.М., Ценч Ю.С. Методологические аспекты стандартизации машинных технологий производства продукции растениеводства // Электротехнологии и электрооборудование в АПК. 2019. N1(34). 61-67. EDN: WDXYHY.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beylis V.M., Tsench Yu.S. Methodological aspects of standardization of machine technologies for crop production. Electrical engineering and electrical equipment in agriculture. 2019. N1(34). 61-67 (In Russian). EDN: WDXYHY.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мазитов Н.К., Сахапов Р.Л., Шогенов Ю.Х. и др. Конкурентоспособный комплекс техники и технологии для производства зерна и кормов // Аграрная наука Евро-Северо-Востока. 2019. Т. 20. N3. C. 299-308. DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.3.299-308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mazitov N.K., Sakhapov R.L., Shogenov Yu.Kh. et al. Competitive complex of machinery and technologies for the production of grain and feed. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2019. Т. 20. N3. 299-308. DOI: 10.30766/2072-9081.2019.20.3.299-308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geraskin M.M., Sorokina O.A., Zakharkina R.A. et al. Agricultural models based on the rational use of land energy. IOP: Earth and Environmental Science Series. 2021. 012060. DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/867/1/012060.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geraskin M.M., Sorokina O.A., Zakharkina R.A. et al. Agricultural models based on the rational use of land energy. IOP: Earth and Environmental Science Series. 2021. 012060 (In English). DOI:10.1088/1755-1315/867/1/012060.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
