vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-4-71-78UIZOXVvimjour-620Research ArticleЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ. ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТDIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCEПрибор фотолюминесцентного контроля зараженности семян фузариозомPhotoluminescent Device for Monitoring Fusarium Infection in SeedsМосковскийМ. Н.MoskovskyM. N.

Московский Максим Николаевич - доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник.

Москва

Maxim N. Moskovsky - Dr.Sc.(Eng.), chief researcher.

Moscow

maxmoskovsky74@yandex.ruБеляковМ. В.BelyakovM. V.

Беляков Михаил Владимирович - доктор технических наук, главный научный сотрудник.

Москва

Mikhail V. Belyakov - Dr.Sc.(Eng.), chief researcher.

Moscow

bmw20100@mail.ruЕфременковИ. Ю.EfremenkovI. Yu.

Ефременков Игорь Юрьевич - младший научный сотрудник.

Москва

Igor Yu. Efremenkov - junior researcher.

Moscow

matiusharius@mail.ruФедеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМРоссияFederal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIMRussian Federation2024171220241847178Copyright © Московский М.Н., Беляков М.В., Ефременков И.Ю., 20242024Московский М.Н., Беляков М.В., Ефременков И.Ю.Moskovsky M.N., Belyakov M.V., Efremenkov I.Y.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/620

Болезни растений снижают урожайность сельскохозяйственных культур и могут серьезно повлиять на устойчивость аграрной отрасли. Для контроля и эффективной борьбы болезней важно их выявлять на раннем этапе. Провели анализ оптических методов и приборов диагностики зараженности растений. (Цель исследования) Разработать прибор оптической фотолюминесцентной диагностики заражения семян злаковых растений фузариозом. (Материалы и методы) Исследовали зараженные фузариозом семена озимой пшеницы сорта Иришка 172 и ячменя Московский 86. (Результаты и обсуждение) В универсальном приборе, измеряющем зараженность пшеницы и ячменя, необходимо иметь три источника излучения с длиной волны 362, 424 и 485 нанометров. Для возбуждения люминесценции на длине волны 362 нанометра наиболее подходит светодиод VLMU3510-365-130, на 424 нанометра - светодиод CREELED424, на 485 нанометров - светодиод XPEBBL-L1. Для регистрации люминесценции семян в диапазонах 390-550 и 510-670 нанометров выбран фотодиод VEMD5510, а в диапазоне 450-600 нанометров - фотодиод BPW21R. Также выбраны микроконтроллер, операционный усилитель, дисплей, клавиатура и другие компоненты. Разработана структурная схема, включающая светооптический и электронный блоки, а также блок питания. При лабораторных испытаниях прототипа прибора «ЛЮМ ВИМ-1» получены зависимости фотосигналов при 362, 424 и 485 нанометрах для семян пшеницы и ячменя различной степени зараженности. Методика определения зараженности фузариозом включает пробоподготовку, возбуждение и регистрацию фотолюминесценции, усиление соотношения фотосигналов и расчет зараженности по градуировочным уравнениям. (Выводы) На основе критерия энергоэффективности выбраны источники и приемники излучения для прибора экспресс-контроля степени заражения фузариозом семян пшеницы и ячменя. В ходе лабораторных испытаний подтверждены ранее полученные зависимости потоков фотолюминесценции семян от зараженности и уточнены градуировочные характеристики разработанного прибора.

Plant diseases reduce crop yields and can significantly undermine the sustainability of the agricultural sector. Early detection is crucial for effective disease control and management. An analysis of optical methods and devices for diagnosing plant infestations was carried out. (Research purpose) To develop a device for optical photoluminescence diagnostics of Fusarium infestation in cereal seeds. (Materials and methods) Fusarium-infected seeds of Irishka 172 winter wheat and Moskovsky 86 barley were studied. (Results and discussion) A universal device for measuring wheat and barley infestation must be equipped with three radiation sources, operating at wavelengths of 362, 424, and 485 nanometers. The VLMU3510-365-130 LED is most suitable for exciting luminescence at 362 nanometers, the CREELED424 LED is optimal for 424 nanometers, and the XPEBBL-L1 LED is ideal for 485 nanometers. The VEMD5510 photodiode was chosen to detect seed luminescence in the ranges of 390-550 and 510-670 nanometers, while the BPW21R photodiode was selected for the range of 450-600 nanometers. Additionally, a microcontroller, operational amplifier, display, keyboard and other components were also selected. A block diagram was developed that includes incorporating light-optical and electronic units, along with a power supply. During laboratory tests of the LUM VIM-1 device prototype, photosignal responses were observed at 362, 424 and 485 nanometers for wheat and barley seeds with varying infestation levels. The method for determining Fusarium infection includes sample preparation, excitation and detection of photoluminescence, amplification of the photoluminescence signal ratio, and calculation of infection levels using calibration equations. (Conclusions) Based on the energy efficiency criterion, radiation sources and receivers were selected for the device used in the express monitoring of Fusarium infection levels in wheat and barley seeds. During laboratory tests, previously obtained dependencies of seed photoluminescence fluxes on infection levels were confirmed, and the calibration characteristics of the developed device were refined.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.