<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vimjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Machinery and Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7599</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22314/2073-7599-2022-16-3-40-47</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vimjour-481</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND EQUIPMENT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Алгоритмы расчета траекторий полета беспилотных воздушных судов для решения сельскохозяйственных задач</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Algorithms for Calculating the Trajectory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Solving Agricultural Problems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедева</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedeva</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валерия Валентиновна Лебедева, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valeria V. Lebedeva, junior researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">izhboldina.valeriia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лебедев</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lebedev</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Игорь Владимирович Лебедев, младший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor V. Lebedev, junior researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igorlevedev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Санкт-Петербургский Федеральный исследовательский центр Российской академии наук<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>10</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>40</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лебедева В.В., Лебедев И.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лебедева В.В., Лебедев И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lebedeva V.V., Lebedev I.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/481">https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/481</self-uri><abstract><p>Обосновали актуальность использования беспилотных воздушных судов (БВС) по сравнению с другими способами аэрокосмической съемки. Привели примеры задач, требующие применения БВС для аэрофотосъемки с разной высоты. Показали, что внедрение сельскохозяйственных роботов, в том числе БВС, ускоряет выполнение полевых работ, а также позволяет получать уникальные данные, необходимые для оценки сельскохозяйственных территорий, обработки посевов и стимуляции роста растений. Отметили, что проблема построения траекторий движения БВС мультироторного типа при выполнении сельскохозяйственных задач за минимальное время остается нерешенной. (Цель исследования) Уменьшить длину траектории покрытия заданного участка и сократить время полета БВС мультироторного типа с учетом анализа возможных препятствий и участков земли, не представляющих интереса при решении поставленной задачи. (Материалы и методы) Использовали геометрические методы расчета траектории полета БВС для покрытия заданного участка, траекторию движения в среде с препятствиями к назначенной точке. С помощью методов фотограмметрии провели обработку изображений аэрофотосъемки при формировании ортофотоплана и карты рельефа местности. (Результаты и обсуждение) Показали, что рассчитанная разработанным алгоритмом траектория удовлетворяет все требования: она непрерывна, имеет минимальное количество поворотов, сглажена, а также осуществима для БВС мультироторного типа. (Выводы) Определили, что для расчета по предложенному алгоритму траектории покрытия на прямоугольном участке со сторонами 200 и 30 метров потребовалось менее 0,05 секунды. Выявили, что траектория на первом участке, площадью 10 200 квадратных метров, уменьшилась на 9 процентов, а на втором, площадью 950 000 квадратных метров, – на 6 процентов, по сравнению с длиной траектории, построенной по стандартным алгоритмам, причем время полета сократилось на 32 и 10 процентов соответственно. Отметили основные преимущества применения БВС для видеосъемки: гарантированное высокое разрешение фотоматериалов и возможность съемки в заданное время, позволяющие оценивать состояние посевов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The relevance of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) is substantiated in comparison with other methods of aerospace survey. The paper provides examples of tasks requiring the use of UAVs for aerial photography from different heights. It is shown that the introduction of agricultural robots, including UAVs, increases the speed of fi eld work, allows obtaining unique data necessary for the assessment of agricultural territories, crops processing and plant growth stimulation. It is noted that the problem of constructing the movement trajectories of a multirotor UAV for performing agricultural tasks within a minimum time limit remains unresolved. (Research purpose) To reduce the length of the trajectory covering a given area and reduce the flight time of a multirotor UAV, taking into account the analysis of possible obstacles and land plots that are beyond the task scope. (Materials and methods) Geometric methods have been used to calculate the UAV flight trajectory covering a given section, the trajectory of movement in an environment with obstacles to the designated point. Photogrammetry methods have been used for processing aerial photography images when forming an orthophotoplane and a terrain map. (Results and discussion) The trajectory calculated by the developed algorithm proves to meet all the requirements: it is continuous, has a minimum number of turns, it is smoothed, and feasible for a multirotor UAV. (Conclusions) It was determined that according to the proposed algorithm it takes less than 0.05 seconds to calculate the trajectory covering a rectangular section with the sides of 200 by 30 meters. It was found that the trajectory in the fi rst 10,200-square-meter section decreased by 9 percent, and in the second 950,000-square-meter section it reduced by 6 percent, compared with the length of the trajectory built using standard algorithms. The flight time reduced by 32 and 10 percent, respectively. The paper presents the key advantages of using UAV for video shooting such as: guaranteed high resolution of photographic materials and the ability to shoot at a given time, allowing for the crop condition assessment.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сельскохозяйственная робототехника</kwd><kwd>беспилотное воздушное судно</kwd><kwd>планирование траектории беспилотного воздушного судна</kwd><kwd>мониторинг сельскохозяйственных территорий</kwd><kwd>аэрофотосъемка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agricultural robotics</kwd><kwd>unmanned aerial vehicle</kwd><kwd>UAV trajectory planning</kwd><kwd>monitoring of agricultural territories</kwd><kwd>aerial photography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рамеш Бабу Н., Набоков В.И., Скворцов Е.А. Классификация и особенности робототехники в сельском хозяйстве // Аграрный вестник Урала. 2017. N2(156). С. 82-88.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramesh Babu N., Nabokov V.I., Skvortsov E.A. Klassifikatsiya i osobennosti robototekhniki v sel'skom khozyaystve [Classification and features of robotics in agriculture]. Agrarnyy vestnik Urala. 2017. N2(156). 82-88 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ардентов А.А., Бесчастный И.Ю., Маштаков А.П. Алгоритмы вычисления положения БПЛА с использованием системы машинного зрения // Программные системы: теория и приложения. 2012. N3. C. 23-38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ardentov A.A., Beschastnyy I.Yu., Mashtakov A.P. Algoritmy vychisleniya polozheniya BPLA s ispol'zovaniem sistemy mashinnogo zreniya [Algorithms for Evaluation Position and Orientation of UAV]. Programmnye sistemy: teoriya i prilozheniya. 2012. N3. 23-38 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vu Q., Raković M., Delic V., Ronzhin A. Trends in development of UAV-UGV cooperation approaches in precision agriculture. International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Robotics. 2018. 213-221.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vu Q., Raković M., Delic V., Ronzhin A. Trends in development of UAV-UGV cooperation approaches in precision agriculture. International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Robotics. 2018. 213-221(In English). .</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ampatzidis Y., Partel V., Costa L. Agroview. Cloud-based application to process, analyze and visualize UAV-collected data for precision agriculture applications utilizing artificial intelligence. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020. N174. 105457.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ampatzidis Y., Partel V., Costa L. Agroview. Cloud-based application to process, analyze and visualize UAV-collected data for precision agriculture applications utilizing artificial intelligence. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture. 2020. N174. 105457 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meinen B.U., Robinson D.T. Mapping erosion and deposition in an agricultural landscape: Optimization of UAV image acquisition schemes for SfM-MVS. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2020. N239. 111666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meinen B.U., Robinson D.T. Mapping erosion and deposition in an agricultural landscape: Optimization of UAV image acquisition schemes for SfM-MVS. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2020. N239. 111666 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Messina G., Modica G. Applications of UAV thermal imagery in precision agriculture: State of the art and future research outlook. Remote Sensing. 2020. N12(9). 1491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Messina G., Modica G. Applications of UAV thermal imagery in precision agriculture: State of the art and future research outlook. Remote Sensing. 2020. N12(9). 1491 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Islam S., Huang Q., Afghah F., Fule P., Razi A. Fire frontline monitoring by enabling uav-based virtual reality with adaptive imaging rate. 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE. 2019. 368-372.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Islam S., Huang Q., Afghah F., Fule P., Razi A. Fire frontline monitoring by enabling uav-based virtual reality with adaptive imaging rate. 53rd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers. IEEE. 2019. 368-372 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Albuquerque C.K., Polimante S., Torre-Neto A., Prati R.C. Water spray detection for smart irrigation systems with Mask R-CNN and UAV footage. IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (Metro-AgriFor). 2020. 236-240.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Albuquerque C.K., Polimante S., Torre-Neto A., Prati R.C. Water spray detection for smart irrigation systems with Mask R-CNN and UAV footage. IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). 2020. 236-240 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Асовский В.П., Кузьменко А.С., Худоленко О.В. Оценка показателей работ беспилотных мультикоптеров по внесению пестицидов и агрохимикатов // Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии. 2021. T. 15. N3. C. 55-62.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asovskiy V.P., Kuz'menko A.S., Khudolenko O.V. Otsenka pokazateley rabot bespilotnykh mul'tikopterov po vneseniyu pestitsidov i agrokhimikatov [Evaluation of unmanned multicopters’ performance indicators for pesticide and agrochemical application]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennye mashiny i tekhnologii. 2021. Vol.15. N3. 55-62 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deng L., Mao Z., Li X., Hu Z., Duan F., Yan Y. UAV-based multispectral remote sensing for precision agriculture: A comparison between different cameras. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing. 2018. N146. 124-136.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Deng L., Mao Z., Li X., Hu Z., Duan F., Yan Y. UAV-based multispectral remote sensing for precision agriculture: A comparison between different cameras. ISPRS journal of photogrammetry and remote sensing. 2018. N146. 124-136 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li X., Giles D.K., Niederholzer F.J., Andaloro J.T., Lang E.B., Watson L.J. Evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle as a new method of pesticide application for almond crop protection. Pest management science. 2021. 77(1). 527-537.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Giles D.K., Niederholzer F.J., Andaloro J.T., Lang E.B., Watson L.J. Evaluation of an unmanned aerial vehicle as a new method of pesticide application for almond crop protection. Pest management science. 2021. 77(1). 527-537 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Севостьянова Н.Н., Лебедев И.В., Лебедева В.В., Ватаманюк И.В. Инновационный подход к автоматизированной фотоактивации посевных площадей посредством БпЛА с целью стимуляции роста культур // Информатика и автоматизация. 2021. T. 20. N6. C. 1395-1417.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sevost'yanova N.N., Lebedev I.V., Lebedeva V.V., Vatamanyuk I.V. Innovatsionnyy podkhod k avtomatizirovannoy fotoaktivatsii posevnykh ploshchadey posredstvom BPLA s tsel'yu stimulyatsii rosta kul'tur [An innovative approach to automated photo-activation of crop acreage using uavs to stimulate crop growth]. Informatika i avtomatizatsiya. 2021. Vol. 20. N6. 1395-1417 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bai Y., Wang Y., Svinin M., Magid E., Sun R. Adaptive multi-agent coverage control with obstacle avoidance. IEEE Control Systems Letters. 2021. N6. 944-949.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bai Y., Wang Y., Svinin M., Magid E., Sun R. Adaptive multi-agent coverage control with obstacle avoidance. IEEE Control Systems Letters. 2021. N6. 944-949 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nam L.H., Huang L., Li X.J., Xu J.F. An approach for coverage path planning for UAVs. IEEE 14th international workshop on advanced motion control (AMC). IEEE. 2016. 411-416.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nam L.H., Huang L., Li X.J., Xu J.F. An approach for coverage path planning for UAVs. IEEE 14th international workshop on advanced motion control (AMC). IEEE. 2016. 411-416 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Choset H. Coverage for robotics – A survey of recent results. Annals of mathematics and artificial intelligence. 2001. 31(1). 113-126.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Choset H. Coverage for robotics – A survey of recent results. Annals of mathematics and artificial intelligence. 2001. 31(1). 113-126 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cabreira T.M., Brisolara L.B., Ferreira Jr P.R. Survey on coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles. Drones. 2019. 3(1). 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cabreira T.M., Brisolara L.B., Ferreira Jr P.R. Survey on coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles. Drones. 2019. 3(1). 4 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Torres M., Pelta D.A., Verdegay J.L., Torres J.C. Coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles for 3D terrain reconstruction. Expert Systems with Applications. 2016. 55. 441-451.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Torres M., Pelta D.A., Verdegay J.L., Torres J.C. Coverage path planning with unmanned aerial vehicles for 3D terrain reconstruction. Expert Systems with Applications. 2016. 55. 441-451 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pham T.H., Bestaoui Y., Mammar S. Aerial robot coverage path planning approach with concave obstacles in precision agriculture. Work-shop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems. IEEE. 2017. 43-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pham T.H., Bestaoui Y., Mammar S. Aerial robot coverage path planning approach with concave obstacles in precision agriculture. Work-shop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems. IEEE. 2017. 43-48 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Muñoz J., López B., Quevedo F., Monje C.A., Garrido S., Moreno L.E. Multi UAV Coverage Path Planning in Urban Environments. Sensors. 2021. 21(21). 7365.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muñoz J., López B., Quevedo F., Monje C.A., Garrido S., Moreno L.E. Multi UAV Coverage Path Planning in Urban Environments. Sensors. 2021. 21(21). 7365 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acevedo J.J., Arrue B.C., Maza I., Ollero A. Distributed approach for coverage and patrolling missions with a team of heterogeneous aerial robots under communication constraints. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems. 2013. 10(1). 28.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acevedo J.J., Arrue B.C., Maza I., Ollero A. Distributed approach for coverage and patrolling missions with a team of heterogeneous aerial robots under communication constraints. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems. 2013. 10(1). 28 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barrientos A., Colorado J., Cerro J.D., Martinez A., Rossi C., Sanz D., Valente J. Aerial remote sensing in agriculture: A practical approach to area coverage and path planning for fleets of mini aerial robots. Journal of Field Robotics. 2011. 28(5). 667-689.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barrientos A., Colorado J., Cerro J.D., Martinez A., Rossi C., Sanz D., Valente J. Aerial remote sensing in agriculture: A practical approach to area coverage and path planning for fleets of mini aerial robots. Journal of Field Robotics. 2011. 28(5). 667-689 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang C., Liu P., Zhang T., Sun J. The adaptive vortex search algorithm of optimal path planning for forest fire rescue UAV. IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. 2018. 400-403.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang C., Liu P., Zhang T., Sun J. The adaptive vortex search algorithm of optimal path planning for forest fire rescue UAV. IEEE 3rd Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. 2018. 400-403 (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karur K., Sharma N., Dharmatti C., Siegel J.E. A Survey of Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots. Vehicles. 2021. 3(3). 448-468.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karur K., Sharma N., Dharmatti C., Siegel J.E. A Survey of Path Planning Algorithms for Mobile Robots. Vehicles. 2021. 3(3). 448-468. (In English).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ценч Ю.С. Профессиональные стандарты как фактор сокращения дефицита квалифицированных кадров // Вестник Челябинской государственной агроинженерной академии. 2014. Т. 67. N2. С. 62-65,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tsench Yu.S. Professional’nye standarty kak faktor sokrashcheniya defitsita kvalifitsirovannyh kadrov [Professional standards as a factor in reducing the shortage of qualified personnel]. Vestnik Chelyabinskoy gosudarstvennoy agroinzhenernoy akademii. 2014. Vol. 67. N2. 62-65 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лобачевский Я.П., Старовойтов С.И., Ахалая Б.Х., Ценч Ю.С. Цифровые технологии в почвообработке // Инновации в сельском хозяйстве. 2019. N1(30). С. 191-197.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lobachevskiy Ya.P., Starovoytov S.I., Akhalaya B.Kh., Tsench Yu.S. Tsifrovye tekhnologii v pochvoobrabotke [Digital technologies in tillage]. Innovatsii v sel’skom khozyaystve. 2019. N1(30). 191-197 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Курбанов Р.К. , Костомахин М.Н., Захарова Н.И. и др. Рекомендации для легких беспилотных летательных аппаратов по сбору данных // Сельскохозяйственная техника: обслуживание и ремонт. 2018. N6. С. 47-53.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbanov R.K. , Kostomakhin M.N., Zakharova N.I., et al. Rekomendatsii dlya legkikh bespilotnykh letatel'nykh apparatov po sboru dannykh [Recommendations for light unmanned aerial vehicles for data collection]. Sel'skokhozyaystvennaya tekhnika: obsluzhivanie i remont. 2018. N6. 47-53 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артюшин А.А., Курбанов Р.К., Марченко Л.А., Захарова О.М. Выбор типоразмерного ряда беспилотных летательных аппаратов и полезной нагрузки для мониторинга сельскохозяйственных полей // Электротехнологии и электрооборудование в АПК. 2019. N4(37). С. 36-43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artyushin A.A., Kurbanov R.K., Marchenko L.A., Zakharova O.M. Vybor tiporazmernogo ryada bespilotnykh letatel'nykh apparatov i poleznoy nagruzki dlya monitoringa sel'skokhozyaystvennykh poley [Selection of a standard-sized range of unmanned aerial vehicles and payloads for monitoring agricultural fields]. Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK. 2019. N4(37). 36-43 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurbanov R., Litvinov M. Development of a gimbal for the Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera for the UAV DJI Phantom 4 Pro. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Rostov-on-Don, 20–22 октября 2020 года. Rostov-on-Don: 2020. 012062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbanov R., Litvinov M. Development of a gimbal for the Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera for the UAV DJI Phantom 4 Pro. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Rostov-on-Don, 20–22 october 2020 . Rostovon-Don: 2020. 012062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kurbanov R., Zakharova N., Sidorenko V., Vilyunov S. The Use of Vegetation Indices in Comparison to Traditional Methods for Assessing Overwintering of Grain Crops in the Breeding Process. Advances in Artificial Systems for Power Engineering II : Conference proceedings, Москва, 17-19 декабря 2021 года. Москва: Springer Nature Switzerland AG, 2022. 52-64.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kurbanov R., Zakharova N., Sidorenko V., Vilyunov S. The Use of Vegetation Indices in Comparison to Traditional Methods for Assessing Overwintering of Grain Crops in the Breeding Process. Advances in Artificial Systems for Power Engineering II : Conference proceedings, Moscow, 17-19 december 2021. Moscow: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2022. 52-64.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
