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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vimjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Machinery and Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7599</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-4-48-55</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vimjour-450</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КИТАЙСКО-РОССИЙСКИЙ СИМПОЗИУМ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ и решения экологических проблем в животноводстве</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis and Solutions to Environmental Problems in Livestock Farming</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брюханов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bryukhanov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Юрьевич Брюханов, доктор технических наук, член-корреспондент РАН</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandr Yu. Bryukhanov, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sznii@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попов</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popov</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир Дмитриевич Попов, доктор технических наук, академик РАН, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir D. Popov, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), member of the Russian Academyof Sciences, chief researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">popov_vd@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Васильев</surname><given-names>Э. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilev</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Эдуард Вадимович Васильев, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Eduard V. Vasilev, Ph.D.(Eng.), leading researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sznii6@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалавина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalavina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Викторовна Шалавина, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina V. Shalavina, Ph.D.(Eng.), senior researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shalavinaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уваров</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Uvarov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Роман Алексеевич Уваров, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Roman A. Uvarov, Ph.D.(Eng.), senior researcher</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">puo-24@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт агроинженерных и экологических проблем сельскохозяйственного производства – филиал ФНАЦ ВИМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production – Branch of Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт агроинженерных и экологических проблем сельскохозяйственного производства – филиал ФНАЦ ВИМ</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Agroengineering and Environmental Problems of Agricultural Production – Branch of Federal Scientific&#13;
Agroengineering Center VIM</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>48</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Брюханов А.Ю., Попов В.Д., Васильев Э.В., Шалавина Е.В., Уваров Р.А., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Брюханов А.Ю., Попов В.Д., Васильев Э.В., Шалавина Е.В., Уваров Р.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bryukhanov A.Y., Popov V.D., Vasilev E.V., Shalavina E.V., Uvarov R.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/450">https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/450</self-uri><abstract><p>Интенсификация сельскохозяйственного производства привела к нарушению циклов биогенных веществ в агроэкосистемах. В животноводстве одной из ключевых проблем стала низкая степень использования органических удобрений на основе навоза и помета. (Цель исследования) Обосновать основные принципы оценки экологической устойчивости агроэкосистем и разработать инженерные методы обеспечения экологической безопасности в животноводстве. (Материалы и методы) Для решения задач агроэкологической оценки, выбора эффективных технологий и создания интеллектуализированных систем использовали показатели: удельную плотность животных (преимущественно для макрооценки); баланс питательных веществ (разницу между количеством азота в органических удобрениях и экологически безопасным потреблением); потери азота при утилизации органических отходов животноводства; эффективность внедрения наилучших доступных технологий. (Результаты и обсуждение). Выявили, что по первым двум показателям три района Ленинградской области относятся к территориям с чрезмерным риском для окружающей среды, один район – с высоким риском, пять – с допустимым и восемь районов – с незначительным риском. Для решения проблем в районах с чрезмерной и высокой нагрузкой провели оценку по третьему и четвертому показателям. Исследовали технические решения и подобрали наилучшие доступные технологии для снижения нагрузки на окружающую среду. Показали преимущества основных технических решений в области утилизации органических отходов животноводства – биоферментации и внесения жидких органических удобрений. Определили, что биоферментационные установки позволяют сократить выбросы загрязняющих газов в 2 раза и более, ускорить процесс переработки в 60 раз. Для работы с жидкой органикой разработали интеллектуализированные машины с низкоэмиссионными рабочими органами, позволяющие снизить потери азота при внесении до 50 процентов. Разработали цифровую систему для моделирования сценариев технологического развития и их влияния на экологическую устойчивость агроэкосистем. (Выводы) Сформулировали принципы системного анализа экологической устойчивости агроэкосистем с предложением конкретных технических и оптимизационных решений для животноводства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The intensifi cation of agricultural production has led to the disruption of nutrient cycles in agroecosystems. In livestock farming, one of the key problems is the low degree of using secondary resources (organic fertilizers based on manure and manure). (Research purpose) To substantiate the basic principles of assessing the agroecosystem environmental sustainability and to develop engineering methods for ensuring environmental safety in livestock farming. (Materials and methods) To solve the problems of agroecological assessment, eff ective technology choice and intelligent system creation, the following indicators were used: 1. specifi c density of animals (mainly for macro-assessment); 2. nutrient balance (the diff erence in the amount of nitrogen available in the formed organic fertilizers with environmentally safe consumption); 3. nitrogen losses during the disposal of organic waste from livestock farming; 4.the eff ectiveness of implementing the best available techniques (BAT). (Results and discussion) Using the assessment of indicators 1 and 2 in the case of the Leningrad region, it was revealed that 3 districts are classifi ed as territories with an excessive risk to the environment, 1 district is classifi ed as a territory with a high risk, 5 districts – with an acceptable risk, and 8 districts – with a low risk to the environment. To solve problems in areas with excessive and high load, we conducted an assessment on indicators 3 and 4, which allowed us to explore technical solutions and select the BAT to reduce the environmental burden. The obtained results showed that among the main technical solutions in the fi eld of organic waste management of livestock farming are biofermentation and the introduction of liquid organic fertilizers. Biofermentation in special chambers can reduce emissions of polluting gases by more than 2 times, and speed up the processing process by more than 60 times. To work with liquid organic fertilizers, intelligent machines with low-emission working bodies have been developed to reduce nitrogen losses during application by up to 50 percent. To solve the problems of agricultural monitoring and engineering solution management, a digital system has been developed that allows to model scenarios of technological development and their impact on the agroecosystem environmental sustainability. (Conclusions) The results obtained allow us to systematically analyze the problems of agroecosystem environmental sustainability and propose specifi c technical and optimization solutions for livestock farming.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>агроэкосистема</kwd><kwd>экологическая устойчивость</kwd><kwd>экологическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>животноводство</kwd><kwd>питательные вещества</kwd><kwd>машинные технологии</kwd><kwd>интеллектуальные системы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>agroecosystem</kwd><kwd>sustainability</kwd><kwd>livestock farming</kwd><kwd>nutrients</kwd><kwd>machine technology</kwd><kwd>intelligent systems</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Briukhanov A., Vasilev E., Kozlova N., Shalavina E., Subbotin I., Lukin S. 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