vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-2-9-12vimjour-421Research ArticleЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТFOREING EXPERIENCEОпределение оптимального состава машинно­тракторного парка для модельного хлопково­текстильного кластераDetermination of the Machine and Tractor Fleet Optimal Composition for a Model Cotton­Textile ClusterТошболтаевМ. Т.ToshboltaevM. T.

Махамад Тожалиевич Тошболтаев, доктор технических наук, профессор

Ташкентская область

Makhamad T. Toshboltaev, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), professor

Tashkent Region

ДжияновМ. Р.DzhiyanovM. R.

Маоруф Рашидович Джиянов, докторант

Ташкентская область

Maoruf R. Dzhiyanov, doctoral student

Tashkent Region

djiyanov87@mail.ruНаучно-исследовательский институт механизации сельского хозяйстваУзбекистанResearch Institute of Agricultural MechanizationUzbekistan202122062021152912Copyright © Тошболтаев М.Т., Джиянов М.Р., 20212021Тошболтаев М.Т., Джиянов М.Р.Toshboltaev M.T., Dzhiyanov M.R.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/421

Показали, что эффективность хлопково-текстильного кластера (мощность машинно-тракторного парка, урожайность хлопчатника, рентабельность производства) во многом зависит от применения оптимального количества тракторов и сельхозмашин. Существующие методики (теоретические, графические, экономико-математические) сложны для практического использования и не учитывают специфику механизированных процессов хлопководства. Поэтому важно разработать простой нормативный метод определения оптимального для кластеров состава машинно-тракторного парка, соответствующего технологической карте по производству хлопка-сырца. (Цель исследования) Рассчитать требуемое количество сельхозтехники на основе установленных нормативов. (Материалы и методы) Разработали алгоритм определения нормативных коэффициентов потребности в технике на 1000 гектаров пашни. Эти коэффициенты для каждого типа техники установили в разрезе технологических операций выращивания хлопчатника: пахота, подготовка почвы к посеву, посев семян, культивация почвы в междурядьях хлопчатника, механизированное удаление точек роста главных стеблей и боковых ветвей растений, дефолиация химикатами, машинная уборка и транспортировка убранного хлопка-сырца. (Результаты и обсуждение) Предложили термин «модельный хлопково-текстильный кластер». Вычислили требуемое количество техники для такого кластера с площадью 13732 гектара. Определили процентный состав машинно-тракторного парка: доля тракторов – 28 процентов, культиваторов – 22, прицепов – 19,8, хлопкоуборочных машин 13,8, остальных – 16,4 процента. Подчеркнули, что шлейф машин может расширяться при поступлении новых современных машин, выпускаемых машиностроительными заводами республики и импортируемых из зарубежных государств. (Выводы) Признали рациональным машинно-тракторный парк хлопково-текстильного кластера с количеством техники 1660 единиц. Доказали, что он обеспечивает выполнение всех технологических операций в агротехнические сроки.    

The authors showed that the cotton-textile cluster efficiency (the capacity of the machine-tractor fleet, cotton yield, the production profitability) largely depended on the use of the optimal number of tractors and agricultural machines. The existing methods (theoretical, graphic, economic and mathematical) were difficult for practical use and did not take into account the specifics of mechanized cotton growing processes. Therefore, it was important to develop a simple normative method for determining the optimal composition of the machine and tractor fleet for clusters, corresponding to the technological map for the production of raw cotton. (Research purpose) To calculate the required amount of agricultural machinery based on the established standards. (Materials and methods) The authors developed an algorithm for determining the standard coefficients of the equipment necessity per 1000 hectares of arable land. These coefficients for each type of equipment were established in the context of technological operations of growing cotton: plowing, soil preparing for sowing, sowing seeds, cultivating the soil between cotton rows, mechanized removal of growth points of the main stems and side branches of plants, defoliation with chemicals, machine harvesting and transportation of harvested cotton – raw. (Results and discussion) The authors proposed the term “model cotton-textile cluster”. They calculated the required amount of equipment for such a cluster with an area of 13,732 hectares. They determined the percentage of the machine and tractor fleet: the share of tractors – 28 percent, cultivators – 22, trailers – 19.8, cotton pickers – 13.8, the rest – 16.4 percent. They emphasized that the machines fleet could expand with the arrival of new modern machines produced by machine-building plants of the republic and imported from foreign countries. (Conclusions) The authors accepted the machine and tractor fleet of the cotton-textile cluster with the number of equipment 1660 units as rational. They proved that it ensured the implementation of all technological operations within agrotechnical terms.   

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.