vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-2-4-8vimjour-420Research ArticleЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТFOREING EXPERIENCEОборудование и технология для внутрипочвенного орошения интенсивных садов в Бухарской области Республики УзбекистанEquipment and Technology for Subsurface Irrigation of Intensive Gardens in the Bukhara Region of the Republic of UzbekistanЖураевФ. У.ZhuraevF. U.

Фазлиддин Уринович Жураев, доктор технических наук, доцент 

Бухара

Fazliddin U. Zhuraev, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), associate professor

Bukhara

fjuraev66@mail.ruКаримовГ. Х.KarimovG. Kh.

Галиб Хаджикурбанович Каримов, докторант

Бухара

Galib Kh. Karimov, doctoral student

Bukhara

karimov.golib1988@mail.ruБухарский филиал Ташкентского института инженеров ирригации и механизации сельского хозяйстваУзбекистанBukhara branch of the Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization EngineersUzbekistan20212206202115248Copyright © Жураев Ф.У., Каримов Г.Х., 20212021Жураев Ф.У., Каримов Г.Х.Zhuraev F.U., Karimov G.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/420

Показали, что для обеспечения интенсивных садов водой применяют различные технологии: бороздковый полив, капельное или внутрипочвенное орошение. Отметили среди недостатков во всех вариантах большой расход воды, минеральных удобрений и энергии. (Цель исследования) Разработать автоматизированную систему внутрипочвенного орошения интенсивных садов грунтовыми водами с помощью электронасосов и с использованием солнечных батарей, а также создать математическую модель распределения почвенной влаги. (Материалы и методы) Создали специальные устройства в виде колышков для подачи воды с растворенными в ней минеральными удобрениями прямо в корневую систему интенсивных садов. Исследовали их геометрические параметры и критерии размещения в почве с учетом расхода воды и питательных веществ. Изучили физико-механические, технологические свойства, механический состав и засоленость почвы. (Результаты и обсуждение) Показали, что при установке разработанного колышка обеспечивается увлажнение почвы через центральный трубопровод в радиусе 1,55-1,75 метра на глубине 0,7-0,9 метра. Разместили вокруг дерева 3-4 колышка, равноудаленных друг от друга, с наклоном по отношению к вертикальной оси на 20-30 градусов. Определили расход воды при различных способах орошения: при бороздковом поливе (контроль) – 1125,7 кубометра на гектар, при капельном орошении – 618,6 и внутрипочвенном – 506,4 кубометра на гектар. (Выводы) Определили, что  внутрипочвенное орошение, по сравнению с другими способами обеспечения деревьев водой и питательными веществами, способствует экономии воды на 57 процентов, минеральных удобрений на 25-35 процентов.   

Experience shows that for the irrigation of intensive gardens, various types of equipment and technologies are used, such as continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation and other methods. All irrigation options have some shortcomings, such as water evaporation, high water consumption, high consumption of mineral fertilizers and energy. (Research purpose) To develop an automated system for subsurface irrigation of intensive gardens with groundwater using electric pumps and solar panels, and to create a mathematical model of soil moisture distribution. (Materials and methods) Special devices shaped as pegs were designed to supply water with dissolved mineral fertilizers directly into the root system of intensive gardens. The authors investigated the pegs’ geometric parameters and the criteria for their placement in the soil, taking into account the consumption of water and nutrients. The authors examined soil mechanical composition and salinity as well as its physical and mechanical, technological properties. (Results and discussion) It was found out that the installation of the peg facilitates soil moisturizing through the central pipeline within the radius of 1.55-1.75 meters at the depth of 0.7-0.9 meters. Three-four pegs, being equidistant from each other and inclined in relation to the vertical axis by 20-30 degrees, were placed around a tree. Water consumption was determined for various irrigation methods: for furrow irrigation (control) – 1125.7 cubic meters per hectare, for continuous irrigation (invasive) – 1812.3 cubic meters per hectare, for drip irrigation – 618.6 and subsurface irrigation – 506.4 cubic meters per hectare. (Conclusions) Based on the results of the experimental study carried out in farms with intensive gardens using various irrigation methods, continuous irrigation (invasive), drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation were compared in terms of water consumption. The results show that drip irrigation and subsurface irrigation ensure less water consumption than flood irrigation, by 46 per cent and 57 per cent respectively. It was found out that subsurface irrigation ensures 57 per cent water and 25-35 per cent mineral fertilizer economy, in comparison with the other methods of providing trees with water and nutrients.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.