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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vimjour</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Сельскохозяйственные машины и технологии</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Agricultural Machinery and Technologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-7599</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-1-24-33</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vimjour-412</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПОСЛЕУБОРОЧНАЯ ОБРАБОТКА СЕМЯН НА ЗЕРНО</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>POST-HARVEST PROCESSING OF SEEDS FOR GRAIN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эволюция зерно-семяочистительной техники в России</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Evolution of Grain and Seed Cleaning Equipment in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дринча</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drincha</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Василий Михайлович Дринча, доктор технических наук, профессор</p><p>Якутск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasiliy M. Drincha, Dr.Sc.(Eng.), professor</p><p>Yakutsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vdrincha@list.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ценч</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsench</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Юлия Сергеевна Ценч, кандидат педагогических наук</p><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Tsench, Ph.D.(Eng.)</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Арктический государственный агротехнологический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Arctic State Agrotechnological University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>24</fpage><lpage>33</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дринча В.М., Ценч Ю.С., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дринча В.М., Ценч Ю.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Drincha V.M., Tsench Y.S.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/412">https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/412</self-uri><abstract><p>Определили, что в развитии технического обеспечения зернопроизводства основную роль сыграл такой системообразующий фактор, как переход зерновых предприятий страны в частную собственность. За последние 30 лет владельцами зерна (за исключением небольшой его доли) стали частные компании и физические лица. Обосновали потребность развития зерно-семяочистительной техники в России. Показали актуальность выработки новой научно-технической политики в сфере развития машинного обеспечения зернопроизводства и его оптимального функционирования. </p><p>(Цель исследования) Провести эволюционный анализ развития и функционирования зерно- и семяочистительной техники, определить основные периоды и системообразующие факторы ее развития.</p><p>(Материалы и методы) Применили историко-аналитический метод в приложении к техническим системам. В качестве объектов исследования изучили оригинальные работы отечественных и зарубежных авторов более чем за 100 лет: монографии, диссертации, отчеты научно-исследовательских учреждений, протоколы машиноиспытательных станций, научные журналы, материалы конференций, а также описания к отечественной и зарубежной патентной документации.</p><p>(Результаты и обсуждение) Описали эволюцию развития зерно-семяочистительной техники в течение последних 150 лет: от простейших орудий до сложных машинных систем индустриальных поточных технологий. Представили основные характеристики зерно-семяочистительных машин и показатели процессов сепарирования зерновых смесей решетами на различных этапах.</p><p>(Выводы) Выявили основные системообразующие факторы, влияющие на техническое обеспечение зернопроизводства: социально-экономические условия; почвенно-климатические условия; научно-техническая политика; организационные факторы. Обосновали четыре этапа ее развития: первый (1870-1930 годы) – применение простейших ручных машин зарубежного производства; второй (1930-1950 годы) – зарождение отечественного производства зерно-семяочистительной техники; третий (1950-1991 годы) – переход от использования отдельных машин к индустриальным поточным технологиям; четвертый (с 1991 по настоящее время) – переход от традиционной поточной технологии к многообразию технологий и машин.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The authors determined that in the development of grain production technical support, the main role was played by such a system-forming factor as the transition of the country’s grain enterprises to private ownership. Over the past 30 years, private companies and individuals became grain owners (with the exception of a small share). The authors substantiated the necessity for the development of grain-seed cleaning equipment in Russia. They showed the relevance of developing a new scientific and technical policy in the field of machine development support for grain production and its optimal functioning.</p><p>(Research purpose) To carry out an evolutionary analysis of grain and seed cleaning equipment development and functioning, to determine the main periods and system-forming factors of its development.</p><p>(Materials and methods) The authors applied the historical-analytical method in addition to technical systems. As research objects, they studied the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than 100 years: monographs, dissertations, reports of research institutions, machine testing stations protocols, scientific journals, conference materials, as well as descriptions for domestic and foreign patent documentation.</p><p>(Results and discussion) They described the evolution of grain-seed cleaning equipment development over the past 150 years: from the simplest tools to complex machine systems of industrial flow technologies. The authors presented the main characteristics of grain-seed cleaning machines and indicators of grain mixtures separation by sieves processes at various stages.</p><p>(Conclusions) The main system-forming factors influencing the technical support of grain production such as: socio-economic conditions; soil and climatic conditions; science and technology policy; organizational factors were revealed. They substantiated four stages of its development: the first (1870-1930) – the use of the simplest manual machines of foreign production; the second (1930-1950) – the birth of domestic production of grain-seed cleaning equipment; the third (1950-1991) – the transition from the use of separate machines to industrial flow technologies; the fourth (1991 – to the present) – the transition from traditional flow technology to a variety of technologies and machines.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>зерновой ворох</kwd><kwd>семена</kwd><kwd>обработка зерна</kwd><kwd>зерно-семяочистительная техника</kwd><kwd>зерноочистительная машина</kwd><kwd>семяочистительная машина</kwd><kwd>технологии поточной подготовки семян</kwd><kwd>зернопроизводство</kwd><kwd>материально-техническая база зернопроизводства</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>grain heap</kwd><kwd>seeds</kwd><kwd>grain processing</kwd><kwd>grain-seed-cleaning equipment</kwd><kwd>grain-cleaning machine</kwd><kwd>seed-cleaning machine</kwd><kwd>technologies of in-line seeds preparation</kwd><kwd>grain production</kwd><kwd>material and technical base of grain production</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Птушкина Г.Е., Яковлева О.В. 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