vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-4-4-11vimjour-396Research ArticleЦИФРОВЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИDIGITAL TECHNOLOGIESПрименение вегетационных индексов для оценки состояния сельскохозяйственных культурApplication of Vegetation Indexes to Assess the Condition of CropsКурбановР. К.KurbanovR. K.

Рашид Курбанович Курбанов, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Rashid K. Kurbanov, Ph.D.(Eng.), leading researcher

Moscow

smedia@vim.ruЗахароваН. И.ZakharovaN. I.

Наталья Ивановна Захарова, аспирант

г. Москва

Natalya I. Zakharova, graduate student

Moscow

Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМРоссияFederal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIMRussian Federation202015122020144411Copyright © Курбанов Р.К., Захарова Н.И., 20202020Курбанов Р.К., Захарова Н.И.Kurbanov R.K., Zakharova N.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/396

Аэрофотосъемку с помощью беспилотных летательных аппаратов и мультиспектральной камеры применяют для мониторинга состояния посевов и прогноза развития сельскохозяйственных культур. В результате операций со значениями различных спектральных длин волн эмпирически подбирают и рассчитывают вегетационные индексы, составляя карты. При оценке состояния посевов необходимо определять лимитирующие факторы применения вегетационных индексов.

(Цель исследования) Проанализировать, оценить и выбрать вегетационные индексы для проведения оперативного, качественного и комплексного мониторинга состояния сельскохозяйственных культур и формирования оптимальных управленческих решений.

(Материалы и методы) Изучили результаты научных исследований в области технологий дистанционного зондирования с использованием беспилотных летательных аппаратов и мультиспектральных камер, а также опыт применения вегетационных индексов для оценки состояния сельскохозяйственных культур в системе точного земледелия. Определили лимитирующие факторы для исследования вегетационных индексов: ограниченное количество монохромных камер в популярных мультиспектральных камерах; основные показатели для мониторинга сельскохозяйственных культур, необходимые агрономам. После обработки аэрофотоснимков с беспилотного летательного аппарата создали высокоточный ортофотоплан, цифровую модель поля и карты вегетационных индексов.

(Результаты и обсуждение) Обнаружили более 150 вегетационных индексов. Не все их них создавались путем наблюдений и экспериментов. Рассмотрели широкополосные вегетационные индексы для оценки состояния посевов на полях. Проанализировали вегетационные индексы посевов сои и озимой пшеницы в основных фазах вегетации.

(Выводы) Выявили, что каждый вегетационный индекс имеет свою специфическую сферу применения, ограничивающие факторы и используется как отдельно, так и в комплексе с другими индексами. Рекомендовали при расчете вегетационных индексов для практического применения руководствоваться техническими характеристиками мультиспектральных камер и учитывать эффективность применения индекса на различных стадиях вегетации.

Monitoring of the state of agricultural crops and forecasting the crops development begin with aerial photography using a unmanned aerial vehicles and a multispectral camera. Vegetation indexes are selected empirically and calculated as a result of operations with values of diff erent spectral wavelengths. When assessing the state of crops, especially in breeding, it is necessary to determine the limiting factors for the use of vegetation indexes.

(Research purpose) To analyze, evaluate and select vegetation indexes for conducting operational, high-quality and comprehensive monitoring of the state of crops and the formation of optimal management decisions.

(Materials and Methods) The authors studied the results of scientifi c research in the fi eld of remote sensing technology using unmanned aerial vehicles and multispectral cameras, as well as the experience of using vegetation indexes to assess the condition of crops in the precision farming system. The limiting factors for the vegetation indexes research were determined: a limited number of monochrome cameras in popular multispectral cameras; key indicators for monitoring crops required by agronomists. After processing aerial photographs from an unmanned aerial vehicle, a high-precision orthophotomap, a digital fi eld model, and maps of vegetation indexes were created.

(Results and discussion) More than 150 vegetation indexes were found. Not all of them were created through observation and experimentation. The authors considered broadband vegetation indexes to assess the status of crops in the fi elds. They analyzed the vegetation indexes of soybean and winter wheat crops in the main phases of vegetation.

(Conclusions) The authors found that each vegetative index had its own specifi c scope, limiting factors and was used both separately and in combination with other indexes. When calculating the vegetation indexes for practical use, it was recommended to be guided by the technical characteristics of multispectral cameras and took into account the index use eff ectiveness at various vegetation stages.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.