vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2020-14-3-9-14vimjour-386Research ArticleЭКОЛОГИЯECOLOGYСогласование тягово-сцепных качеств движителей сельскохозяйственных мобильных энергетических средств с допустимым максимальным давлением на почвуMatching the Traction Qualities of Agricultural Mobile Power Vehicles with the Permissible Maximum Pressure on the SoilЛавровА. В.LavrovA. V.

Александр Владимирович Лавров, кандидат технических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

Москва

Aleksandr V. Lavrov, Ph.D.(Eng.), leading researcher

Moscow

vimlavrov@mail.ruШевцовВ. Г.ShevtsovV. G.

Владимир Георгиевич Шевцов, кандидат технических наук, ведущий специалист

Москва

Vladimir G. Shevtsov, Ph.D.(Eng.), leading specialist

Moscow

РусановА. В.RusanovA. V.

Александр Вадимович Русанов, старший специалист

Москва

Aleksandr V. Rusanov, chief specialist

Moscow

КазаковаВ. А.KazakovaV. A.

Вера Александровна Казакова, младший научный сотрудник

Москва

Vera A. Kazakova, junior researcher

Moscow

Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМРоссияFederal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIMRussian Federation202024092020143914Copyright © Лавров А.В., Шевцов В.Г., Русанов А.В., Казакова В.А., 20202020Лавров А.В., Шевцов В.Г., Русанов А.В., Казакова В.А.Lavrov A.V., Shevtsov V.G., Rusanov A.V., Kazakova V.A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/386

Современное высокомеханизированное сельскохозяйственное производство характеризуется несовместимостью одновременной реализации требований экологических организаций к максимальному давлению движителей сельскохозяйственной мобильной техники на почву и возможностей повышения энергонасыщенности тракторов при оснащении их существующими колесными движителями.

(Цель исследования) Согласовать максимальное давление на почву с допустимыми нормами, коэффициентами использования сцепного веса и уровнем энергонасыщенности тракторов.

(Материалы и методы) Использовали расчетный метод определения максимального давления на почву с помощью универсальной характеристики шины.

(Результаты и обсуждение) Установили, что при выполнении весенних работ по закрытию влаги и проведению посева пропашных культур при допустимом максимальном давлении 80 килопаскалей, соответствующем всем типам почв, самый массовый универсально-пропашной трактор Беларус 1020 имеет максимальное давление 150 килопаскалей, что на 70 килопаскалей превышает допустимое при соответствующем недоборе урожая. Установили, что замена ординарных шин на агрофильные позволяет увеличить площадь пятна контакта на 16 процентов с одновременным уменьшением коэффициента неравномерности и увеличением коэффициента использования сцепного веса. Принципиальным условием замены ординарных шин на агрофильные служит сохранение неизменным создаваемого трактором тягового усилия.

(Выводы) Определили оптимальные значения коэффициента использования сцепного веса: для шин сверхнизкого давления – 0,5, для резинометаллического шарниира с торсионной подвеской -- 0,6, для резиноармированной гусеницы – 0,7. Установили, что проведенные исследования с учетом имеющихся данных о тяговых испытаниях гусеничного трактора Т-250, позволят включить агрофильную концепцию с гипотетической (предполагаемой) зависимостью коэффициента использования сцепного веса от коэффициента продольной неравномерности в пересматриваемый ГОСТ 27021-86 «Тракторы сельскохозяйственные и лесохозяйственные. Тяговые классы».

Modern highly mechanized agricultural production is characterized by the incompatibility of simultaneous matching of the maximum pressure of agricultural mobile equipment movers on the soil and the possibility of increasing the tractors energy saturation when equipping them with existing wheel engines.

(Research purpose) To coordinate the maximum pressure on the soil with the permissible norms, weight utilization factors and the level of tractors energy saturation.

(Materials and methods) The authors used a calculated method for determining the maximum pressure on the soil using a universal tire characteristic.

(Results and discussion) The authors found that when performing spring works on closing moisture and sowing row crops at a maximum pressure of 80 kilopascals, corresponding to all types of soil, the most mass universal row tractor Belarus 1020 had a maximum pressure of 150 kilopascals, which was 70 kilopascals higher than the permissible one for the corresponding crop shortage. They found that replacing ordinary tires with agrophilic tires could increase the area of the contact spot by 16 percent, while reducing the coefficient of unevenness and increasing the coefficient of use of the adhesion weight. The main condition for replacing ordinary tires with agrophilic tires was to keep the traction force unchanged.

(Conclusions) Summarizing the results of the research as agrophilic direction, ensuring the compliance impacts on soil and positively solving the problems of saturation, it is possible to recommend the development of navigation systems in achieving utilization hitch weight equal to 0.5 (low tire pressure), equal to 0.6 (rubber joint with torsion bar suspension) and 0.7 (rubber track). It was found that the conducted research, taking into account the available data on traction tests of the T-250 tractor, would allow to include an agrophilic concept with a hypothetical dependence of the adhesion weight use factor on the longitudinal unevenness coefficient in the revised State Standard 27021-86 “Agricultural and forestry Tractors. Traction classes”.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.