vimjourСельскохозяйственные машины и технологииAgricultural Machinery and Technologies2073-7599Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM»10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-3-4-7vimjour-326Research ArticleИННОВАЦИИINNOVATIONSРазвитие механизации сельского хозяйства в Китае и его текущая стратегическая направленностьDevelopment of Agricultural Mechanization in China and Its Current Strategic FocusШукиШ.ShuqiSh.

Шан Шуки, профессор

Циндао

Shang Shuqi, professor

Qingdao

jiasheng0813@163.comЦзяшэнВ.JiashengW.

Ван Цзяшэн, профессор

Циндао

Wang Jiasheng, professor

Qingdao

ДонгвейВ.DongweiW.

Ван Донгвей, профессор

Циндао

Wang Dongwei, professor

Qingdao

Колледж механики и электротехники; Сельскохозяйственный университет ЦиндаоКитайCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering; Qingdao Agricultural UniversityChina20192207201913347Copyright © Шуки Ш., Цзяшэн В., Донгвей В., 20192019Шуки Ш., Цзяшэн В., Донгвей В.Shuqi S., Jiasheng W., Dongwei W.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vimsmit.com/jour/article/view/326

В 100-летней истории развития сельскохозяйственного машиностроения в Китае можно выделить пять этапов: зарождение отрасли (1917-1949); системное развитие (1949-1979); преобразование системы (1980-1995); ориентация на рынок (1996-2003); интенсивное развитие (2004-2014). На сегодняшний день в стране третий год продолжается реализация 13-го пятилетнего плана. В последние 10 лет достигнуты значительные успехи в механизации сельского хозяйства. Однако ее уровень не достаточен по сравнению с развитыми странами. Чтобы сократить этот разрыв, а также повысить конкурентоспособность сельскохозяйственной техники, в Китае разработана стратегия научно-технического инновационного развития механизации сельского хозяйства. Она получила название «стратегии трех шагов», так как в ней обозначены цели развития сельскохозяйственного машиностроения механизации аграрной отрасли в соответствии с тремя периодами –до 2025, 2035 и 2050 годов. В настоящее время в Китае реализуются два принципа развития, которые представляют собой полную механизацию производственных процессов и всего сельского хозяйства в комплексе.

China's agricultural machinery development has gone through fi ve stages in its 100-year history: Germination stage of agricultural machinery development (1917-1949), Construction Stage of Modern Agricultural Machinery Industry System in China (1949-1979), System transformation Stage (1980-1995), Market-oriented stage (1996-2003), Rapid development stage (2004-2014). After the 12th Five-Year Plan, China's 13th Five-Year Plan has been going on for three years. Signifi cant Achievements in Agricultural Mechanization has also made in recent 10 years. Although Agricultural Mechanization in China has made considerable progress, there are still great gaps in agricultural mechanization level compared with developed countries. In order to further narrow the gap between China's agricultural mechanization and developed countries, enhance the scientifi c and technological innovation ability of agricultural machinery, strategic focus of agricultural mechanization have been presented in China. The development strategy of "three steps" is defi ned, that is, the strategic objectives of China's agricultural machinery science and technology innovation and agricultural mechanization development to 2025, 2035 and 2050. Two Development Principles which are full process mechanization and Comprehensive mechanization, and from 1.0 to 4.0 of China Agricultural machinery are emphasized in China.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.